![Page 1: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Making Sense of DNA
![Page 2: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
DNA is a code for making proteins
DNA (Gene) Protein Trait
![Page 3: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
DilemmaDNA
• Contains sequence for protein
• Risky/Dangerous for DNA to leave nucleus
Protein• Made by ribosomes• Ribosomes stuck in
cytoplasm
![Page 4: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Solution– SEND MESSENGER!
![Page 5: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Step 1- Copy DNA Info on mRNA
• DNA creates a message for the ribosome called mRNA.
• Messenger RNA (mRNA):– Same structure as DNA (except different
type of sugar; ribose instead of deoxyribose)
![Page 6: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Step 1- Copy DNA Info on mRNA
• DNA creates a message for the ribosome called mRNA.
• Messenger RNA (mRNA):– Same structure as DNA (except different
type of sugar; ribose instead of deoxyribose)
– Single stranded
![Page 7: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Step 1- Copy DNA Info on mRNA
• DNA creates a message for the ribosome called mRNA.
• Messenger RNA (mRNA):– Same structure as DNA (except different
type of sugar; ribose instead of deoxyribose)
– Single stranded– Uracil replaces all the thymines.
![Page 8: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Step 1- Copy DNA Info on mRNA
• Write the corresponding RNA strand
TAAGCTACCGAATGGACAACACTTCGACTAAUUCGAUGGUUACCUGUUGUGAAGCUGA
![Page 9: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Step 1- Copy DNA Info on mRNA
• Transcription video• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=ztPkv7wc3yU
![Page 10: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Step 1- Copy DNA Info on mRNA
Similarities between DNA and RNA:1. Sugar and phosphate make up the backbone2. They both have base pairs3. They both carry the same protein messages
![Page 11: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Step 2- mRNA leaves nucleus
![Page 12: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Step 3- mRNA attaches to ribosome at START codon (AUG)
• Ribosome finds the START sequence in the mRNA: AUG
![Page 13: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Remember?
• Ribosome- ___________________
![Page 14: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Remember?
• Ribosome- makes protein
![Page 15: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Step 4- tRNA brings the correct amino acid
![Page 16: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Step 4- tRNA brings the correct amino acid
• Each sequence of 3 bases corresponds to 1 amino acid
• Codon- sequence of 3 bases that codes for an amino acid
![Page 17: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Step 4- tRNA brings the correct amino acid
• Transfer RNA (tRNA)- brings amino acids to the ribosome.
![Page 18: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
(Why sequence of 3?)
• There are 20 common amino acids.• Could you make 20 different combinations
with 2 bases?
• How many different combinations can you make with 3 bases?
![Page 19: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Step 5- Amino Acids link to form Protein
![Page 20: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Step 5- Amino Acids link to form Protein
• tRNA brings the next amino acid.• Peptide bonds- connect amino acids together to form
a protein• Protein- chain of amino acids that fold into a specific
shape.
![Page 21: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Step 6- tRNA reaches STOP codon
• The process continues until the STOP codon: UAG, UAA, UGA
• Then the protein is complete.
![Page 22: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Putting it all together
• Video 1
• Video 2
![Page 23: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ticket
1. How does the DNA code get to the ribosome?
2. Which amino acid would match the mRNA code: CCA?
![Page 24: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Short cut
![Page 26: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Practice
DNA code:TACGTTCGAATT
mRNA code:
Amino acid code:
![Page 27: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Project-Based Assessment #3
Project choices:Cancer (any genes)
![Page 28: Making Sense of DNA. DNA is a code for making proteins DNA (Gene) Protein Trait](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062309/56649e4e5503460f94b44ddb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)