Major Element Trends in Zoned Peridotitic Garnets from Newlands and
Bobbejaan Kimberlites, RSA
Tim Ivanic1,
Ben Harte1,
Pete Hill1,
John Gurney (University of Cape Town)
11
Introduction I
- Peridotitic diamond inclusions garnet-chromite-harzburgite host rock- Knowledge of the paragenesis is limited to
diamond inclusion studies of isolated minerals
- Xenoliths of this type are found at: - Newlands (South Africa)- Dalnaya (Russia)- Arnie (Canada)
Introduction II
• Presence of diamondiferous harzburgites at Newlands – Garnet and chromite with depleted (diamond
inclusion-like) compositions (Menzies, 2001)– Diamonds contain peridotitic mineral inclusions
• Discovery of micro-xenolith suites – Newlands (and Bellsbank) – with P-type diamond inclusion affinity
As a result of recent collections:
Depletion
• Garnet– High Mg/(Mg+Fe) and
HREE/LREE– Decreased Ca/(Ca+Mg)
• Chromite– Decreased TiO2
– Increased Mg/(Mg+Fe)
• Olivine and pyroxene– Increased Mg/(Mg+Fe)
• Garnet– Increased TiO2, LREE/HREE,
Sr. Very important for the interpretation of REE profiles
– Decreased Mg/(Mg+Fe)
• Chromite– Increased TiO2
– Decreased Mg/(Mg+Fe)
• Olivine and pyroxene– Decreased Mg/Mg+Fe
on extraction of melt- producing harzburgites
Enrichmenton interaction with melt
- a reversal of depletion trends
VS.
Modified from Dawson (1980)
Lherzolite Line from Gurney (1984), DGC from Grütter & Menzies (2003)
Location
Newlands
3 mm2 mm
Chromite-bearing garnet lherzolites also analysed to investigate full spectrum of garnet-chromite equilibria
Internal Zonation to Inclusions
External Zonation to Matrix
Bobbejaan Fissure
10 mm
Aims
• Identify types of major element changes within harzburgitic (G10) specimens
• Compare to lherzolitic (G9) bulk compositions
• Identify internal and external zonations
Analysis
• Cameca SX 100 electron microprobe, University of Edinburgh
• 11 elements analysed quantitatively
• Traverses perpendicular to inclusions
• Traverses across sample
• Qualitative X-ray maps of sample surface (Al, Ca, Cr, Ti, Mg) - little Fe vatiation
Traverses vs. Concentrate
Lherzolite line (Gurney, 1984)
Diamond-Graphite line (Grütter & Menzies, 2003)
Trends
Traverses
New – HzbNew – LhzBob – HzbBob – Lhz
Ti vs. Ca
B48 Whole Sample Traverse
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
2339
.8
4680
.0
7020
.0
9359
.8
1169
9.7
1403
9.8
1637
9.7
1871
9.6
Distance (um)
Wt.
% O
xide
Cr2O3
CaO
External Zonation
Trends
Internal Zonation
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0
476.
1
952.
4
1428
.5
1904
.9
2381
.4
2860
.6
3337
.9
3814
.1Distance (um)
Wt.
% O
xid
eAl2O3
Cr2O3
FeO
MgO
CaO
Internal Zonation
Inclusion
Trends
NEW074 Inclusion Traverse
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.0
778.
0
1555
.8
2333
.6
3111
.3
3889
.1
4667
.1
5444
.9
6222
.6
7000
.3
Distance (um)
TiO
2 W
t. %
Oxi
de
NEW074 Inclusion Traverse
0
2
4
6
8
10
120.
0
778.
0
1555
.8
2333
.6
3111
.3
3889
.1
4667
.1
5444
.9
6222
.6
7000
.3
By DataSet/Point
Oxi
de
Cr2O3
CaO
Diffusion to srp-chr inclusion only affects Cr2O3
Concentric zonation
accompanied by TiO2
External and Internal Zonation
Kelyphite rim
Chr inclusion
Srp inclusion
NEW074
Cr (Mg)
Ti Ca
Al
1: External Zonation
Equilibration with matrix
original core composition, isolated inclusion
2: Internal Zonation
Equilibration with inclusion
original core composition
Srp + chr
CaO, TiO2 increase
Local Cr2O3 decrease in harzburgites
Low-Ca, Grt Core
Ca,Ti
Cr, Mg, -Al
1d
1d
1d
1c1c
2 2
1s
Summary
• External Zonation result of:– Grt re-equilibration with Ca+Ti-rich matrix– Diffusion data (Ca) suggest 100s Ma timescale
• Internal P-T re-equilibration: – Harzburgites in Cr2O3 / Al2O3, MgO
– Lherzolites CaO and Cr2O3 / Al2O3, MgO
– Diffusion data (Mg) suggest 100s ky timescale– Grt-Cpx final P-T estimates at mineral
interfaces• Ellis & Green ’79, Fe-Mg ~ 920°C for 45 kb
• Nimis & Taylor ’00, TEn-Cpx, PCr-Cpx ~ 970°C, 41kb