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MacKinnon ListsMacKinnon Lists Collecting field data and practical Collecting field data and practical
uses of resultsuses of results
Aidan MaccormickAidan MaccormickUniversity of St AndrewsUniversity of St Andrews
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OutlineOutline• FieldworkFieldwork
- - Selecting routeSelecting route
- Recording format- Recording format
- Recording rules- Recording rules
• Data entryData entry
• How can we use the results?How can we use the results?
• Notes for other taxonomic groups – trappingNotes for other taxonomic groups – trapping
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RouteRoute
100 m
Start/EndX
MM
M100m100m
• Decide where you are going to walk
• Representative of habitat(s)
• Marking of route not required
• 1 person, but pairs or more can work, but as a single unit
• Recording range from route: Birds 100m, Butterflies 5m etc
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Recording observationsRecording observations
• Use notebooks/prepared Use notebooks/prepared sheetssheets
• Begin with basic details: Date, Begin with basic details: Date, Start time, Site name, GPS, Start time, Site name, GPS, Altitude etc.Altitude etc.
• Start recording observations Start recording observations (or captures) in order (or captures) in order caught/seen/heardcaught/seen/heard
• Use what ever format is most Use what ever format is most comfortable: codes, scientific comfortable: codes, scientific names, common names etcnames, common names etc
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• Note if the sp. was Note if the sp. was caught/seen/heard use simple caught/seen/heard use simple codes (A, V etc)codes (A, V etc)
• Note distance of the Note distance of the individual from route if individual from route if requiredrequired
• Note any additional Note any additional behaviour if you want e.g. behaviour if you want e.g. breeding, foraging etc.breeding, foraging etc.
• If unable to identify STILL If unable to identify STILL write down description, write down description, collection number, photo collection number, photo number etcnumber etc
Recording observationsRecording observations
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Recording observationsRecording observationsNote down: Note down:
• Location every Location every hour or sohour or so
• When crossing one When crossing one habitat to anotherhabitat to another
• Additional sps Additional sps recorded ‘outside’ recorded ‘outside’ the sample areathe sample area
• Only ‘extra’ sps on Only ‘extra’ sps on returnreturn
• 3 – 5 days/site• Site =
- within 10km- within 500m bands
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Constructing listsConstructing lists• Identify using Identify using
reference material reference material specimens, keys, specimens, keys, guides, recordings guides, recordings etcetc
• Decide on length Decide on length of list. 10 species of list. 10 species list, 5 species lists list, 5 species lists etcetc
• If 10 species lists: If 10 species lists: number new species number new species on list until number on list until number 10 is reached, omit 10 is reached, omit sps already recordedsps already recorded
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Date EntryDate Entry• Enter all lists from Enter all lists from
notebook into notebook into spreadsheetspreadsheet
• Enter evidence for Enter evidence for observations (A, V, R, P observations (A, V, R, P etc)etc)
• Enter ‘additional’ sps Enter ‘additional’ sps recorded but not on listsrecorded but not on lists
• Combine Combine unfinished/broken lists if unfinished/broken lists if from same habitat and from same habitat and sitecsitec
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Summary data sheetSummary data sheet
• Species listSpecies list
• Individual Individual frequencyfrequency
• List frequencyList frequency
• Minimum number Minimum number of individualsof individuals
• Relative abundance Relative abundance estimates: % listsestimates: % lists
ResultsResults
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How can we use this data?How can we use this data?
Identification/prioritisation of Identification/prioritisation of sites/areassites/areas
• Highest abundance of threatened Highest abundance of threatened speciesspecies
• Highest abundance(s) of indicator sps Highest abundance(s) of indicator sps for habitat (healthy Vs unhealthy)for habitat (healthy Vs unhealthy)
• This will allow us to direct This will allow us to direct conservation funds to the most conservation funds to the most important sites for species/communities important sites for species/communities of importanceof importance
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How can we use this data?How can we use this data?
Monitoring/threat assessmentMonitoring/threat assessment• Identifying natural/human caused Identifying natural/human caused
changes in abundance(s)changes in abundance(s)
• Natural ranges increasesNatural ranges increases
• Spread of introduced spsSpread of introduced sps
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How can we use these data?How can we use these data?
Community structure over a season?Community structure over a season?• Potentially useful for describing changes Potentially useful for describing changes
in terrestrial inverts esp. butterflies?in terrestrial inverts esp. butterflies?
• Important if collecting data for multiple Important if collecting data for multiple sites over a long timesites over a long time