Download - Mach Guard
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Subpart O - Machine
GuardingOTI 501
Paul Schlumper
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We Will Cover:
Machine Guarding PrinciplesSubpart O - HighlightsMock Plant Walk-Through
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Why are machines not guarded? (cont.)
The guard is in the way
The OSHA inspector didnt say anythingabout it.Well put it back on if OSHA comes.
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Emphasis on Amputations :Where does it apply?
General industry employerswhose workplaces include:
shearssawsslicersslitterspower presses
(the 4s and a P)
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Requirements for Safeguards
Prevent contact - prevent workers body or clothingfrom contacting hazardous moving partsSecure - firmly secured to machine and not easilyremoved
Protect from falling objects - ensure that no objects canfall into moving partsCreate no new hazards - must not have shear points,
jagged edges or unfinished surfacesCreate no interference - must not prevent worker fromperforming the job quickly and comfortablyAllow safe lubrication - if possible, be able to lubricatethe machine without removing the safeguards
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Where machine hazards occur:
Point of operationMechanical power transmissionOther moving parts
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Machine Hazards
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Machine Guarding
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In-Running Nip Points
Belt andpulley
Chain andsprocket
Rack andpinion
Rotatingcylinders
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Methods of machine safeguarding
Physical guardsDevicesLocation/Distance
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Methods of Machine Safeguarding
Guardsfixedinterlockedadjustableself-adjusting
Devicespresence sensingpullbackrestraint
safety controls (tripwire cable,two-hand contol, etc.)gates
Location/distanceFeeding and ejection methods
automatic and/or semi-automatic feed and ejectionrobots
Miscellaneous aidsawareness barriersprotective shieldshand-feeding tools
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Guards
FixedInterlockedAdjustableSelf-adjusting
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Fixed Guard
Provides a barrier - a permanent part of themachine, preferable to all other types of guards.
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Interlocked Guard
When this type of guard is opened or removed, thetripping mechanism and/or power automaticallyshuts off or disengages, and the machine cannotcycle or be started until the guard is back in place.
Interlockedguard onrevolving drum
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Adjustable Guard
Provides a barrier which may be adjusted tofacilitate a variety of production operations.
Bandsaw blade
adjustable guard
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Self-Adjusting Guard
Provides a barrier which moves according tothe size of the stock entering the danger area.
Circular table sawself-adjusting guard
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Safeguarding devices
Presence sensingPullbackRestraintSafety controls and trips
Gates
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Pullback Device
Utilizes a series of cablesattached to the operatorshands, wrists, and/or armsPrimarily used on machineswith stroking actionAllows access to the point of operation when the slide/ramis up
Withdraws hands when theslide/ram begins to descend
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Pullback Device (contd)
Hands in die, feedingPoint of operationexposedPullback device attachedand properly adjusted
Die closedHands withdrawn frompoint of operation bypullback device
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Restraint Device
Uses cables or strapsattached to the operatorshands and a fixed pointMust be adjusted to let the
operators hands travelwithin a predeterminedsafe area
Hand-feeding tools areoften necessary if theoperation involves placingmaterial into the dangerarea
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Safety Tripwire Cables
Device located aroundthe perimeter of or nearthe danger area
Operator must be able toreach the cable to stopthe machine
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Two-Hand Control
Requires constant,concurrent pressure toactivate the machineThe operators hands are
required to be at a safelocation (on control buttons)and at a safe distance fromthe danger area while the
machine completes itsclosing cycle
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Gate
Movable barrier device which protects the operator at the
point of operation before the machine cycle can be started
If the gate does not fully close, machine will not function
Gate Open Gate Closed
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Safeguarding by Location/Distance
Locate the machine or itsdangerous moving partsso that they are not
accessible or do notpresent a hazard to aworker during normaloperation
Maintain a safe distancefrom the danger area
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Automatic Feed(shown on power press)
TransparentEnclosureGuard
Stock FeedRoll
Danger Area
Completed Work
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Robots
Machines that load andunload stock, assembleparts, transfer objects,or perform other tasks
Best used in high-production processesrequiring repeatedroutines where theyprevent other hazards toemployees
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Protective Shields
These do not give complete protection from machinehazards, but do provide some protection from flyingparticles, splashing cutting oils, or coolants.
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Holding Tools
Used to place andremove stock in thedanger areaNot to be usedinstead of othermachine safeguards,but as a supplement
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Subpart O - Machinery and Machine
Guarding211 - Definitions212 - General requirements
213 - Woodworking machinery215 - Abrasive wheel machinery216 - Mills and calendars
217 - Mechanical power presses218 - Forging machines219 - Mechanical power transmission
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1910.212
General Requirements for all
Machines
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1910.212(a)(1)
One or more methods of machineguarding shall be provided to protect the
operator and other employees in themachine area from hazards such as thosecreated by the point of operation, in-
going nip points, rotating parts, flyingchips and sparks.
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1910.212(a)(3)(ii)
The point of operation of machines whoseoperation exposes an employee to injury,
shall be guarded
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1910.212(a)(5)
When the periphery of the blades of a fanis less than seven (7) feet above the floor
or working level, the blades shall beguarded. The guard shall have openingsno larger than 1/2 inch.
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1910.212(b)
Machines designed for a fixed locationshall be securely anchored to prevent
walking or moving.
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1910.213
Woodworking Machinery
Requirements
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1910.213(a)(9)
All belts, pulleys, gears, shafts, andmoving parts shall be guarded in
accordance with the specificrequirements of 1910.219.
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1910.213(b)(1)
A mechanical or electrical power controlshall be provided on each machine to
make it possible for the operator to cutoff the power from each machine withoutleaving his position at the point of
operation.
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1910.213(b)(3)
On applications whereinjury to the operatormight result if motorswere to restart afterpower failures, provisionshall be made to preventmachines from
automatically restartingupon restoration of power.
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Table Saws
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1910.213(c)(1)Each circular hand-fed ripsaw shall be
guarded by a hood which shallcompletely enclose that portion of thesaw above the table and that portion of
the saw above the material being cut.The hood and mounting shall bearranged so that the hood willautomatically adjust itself to thethickness of and remain in contact withthe material being cut withoutconsiderable resistance.
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1910.213(c)(2)
Each hand-fed circular ripsaw shall befurnished with a spreader to prevent
material from squeezing the saw or beingthrown back on the operator.
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1910.213(c)(3)
Each hand-fed circular ripsaw shall beprovided with non-kickback fingers or
dogs so located as to oppose the thrust ortendency of the saw to pick up thematerial or throw it back toward the
operator.
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1910.213(d)(1)
Each circular crosscut table saw shall beguarded by a hood which shall meet all
the requirements of 1910.213(c)(1) forhoods for circular resaws.
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Radial Arm Saws
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1910.213(i)(1)
All portions of the saw blade (bandsaws)shall be enclosed or guarded, except for
the working portion of the blade betweenthe bottom of the guide rolls and thetable.
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1910.213(r)(4)
The mention of specific machines inparagraphs (a) thru (q) and thisparagraph (r) of this section, inclusive, isnot intended to exclude otherwoodworking machines from therequirements that suitable guards and
exhaust hoods be provided to reduce to aminimum the hazard due to the point of operation of such machines.
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1910.213(s)(7)
All cracked saws shall be removed fromservice.
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1910.215
Abrasive-Wheel Machinery
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1910.215(b)(9)
The distance between the wheelperiphery and the adjustable tongue or
the end of the peripheral member at thetop shall never exceed one-fourth inch.
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1910.215(d)(1)
Immediately before mounting, all wheelsshall be closely inspected and sounded by
the user (ring test) to make sure theyhave not been damaged.
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Abrasive Wheel Machinery
The distance between the wheel periphery and theadjustable tongue must never exceed 1/4-inch.
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1910.217
Mechanical Power Presses
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1910.217(a)(5)
Press brakes, hydraulic and pneumaticpower presses, bulldozers, hot bending
and hot metal presses, forging pressesand hammers, riveting machines andsimilar types of fastener applicators are
excluded from the requirements of thissection.
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1910.217(b)(4)
The pedal mechanism shall be protectedto prevent unintended operation.
A pad with a nonslip contact area shallbe firmly attached to the pedal.
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1910.217(b)(6)
A two-hand trip shall have the individualoperators hand controls protectedagainst unintended operation and bearranged to require use of both hands.Two-hand trip systems on full revolutionclutch machines shall incorporate anantirepeat feature.
If two hand trip systems are used onmultiple operator systems, each operatorshall have a separate set of controls.
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1910.217(b)(7)
Two-hand controls must incorporate ananti repeat feature, require use of both
hands, be protected against unintendedoperation, have one set of controls foreach operator.
If foot control is provided, the selectionbetween hand and foot control must besupervised by the employer.
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1910.217(c)(1)
It shall be the responsibility of theemployer to provide and insure the use of
point of operation guards or properlyapplied and adjusted point of operationdevices on every operation performed on
a mechanical power press. See Table O-10.
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1910.217(e)(1)
It shall be the responsibility of theemployer to establish and follow a
program of periodic and regularinspections of power presses.
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1910.219
Mechanical Power-TransmissionApparatus
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1910.219(b)(1)
Flywheels located so that any part is 7feet or less above the floor or platform
shall be guarded.Wherever flywheels are above workingareas, guards shall be installed having
sufficient strength to hold the weight of the flywheel in the event of a shaft orwheel mounting failure.
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1910.219(c)
Horizontal, vertical, and inclined shaftingmust be enclosed.
Projecting shaft ends shall present asmooth edge and end and shall notproject more than 1/2 the diameter of the
shaft unless guarded by non rotating capor safety sleeves.
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1910.219(d)
Pulleys 7ft. or less above the floor orplatform must be guarded.
Pulleys with cracks or pieces broken outof rims shall not be used.
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Portable Power Tools - General SafetyPrecautions
1910.242(a)Employers responsibility
Safe condition of toolsIncluding personal tools
1910.242(b)
Compressed air not used for cleaning exceptwhere reduced to less than 30 p.s.i. and onlywhen effective chip guarding and PPE.
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Power Tools
Classification by power sourceElectric
PneumaticLiquid FuelHydraulic
Powder Actuated
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Power Tools (cont.)
1910.243 (a)(1) Portable Circular Saws
Upper blade guardLower blade guard
Automatically returnsto starting position
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Power Tools (cont.)
1910.243(a)(2)Constant PressureSwitch
Saws and Chainsaws
Lock-on control(single motionturnoff)
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Pneumatic Power Tools and Hose
1910.243(b)Tool Retainer A tool retainer must be
installed on each piece of equipment whereejection could resultAirhose Hose and hose connections mustbe designed for the pressure and service towhich they are subjected
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Explosive Actuated Fastening Tools
1910.243(d)Must meet requirements in ANSI A10.3-
1970Operators and assistants must wear eyeprotectionHead and face protection dependent onworking conditions
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Explosive Actuated Tools (Cont.)
Muzzle must have protective shield orguard at least 3 inches in diameter.
Firing must be dependent on at least 2separate and distinct operations.Firing mechanism must prevent tool
from firing during loading, whilepreparing, if dropped.
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Explosive Actuated Tools (Cont.)
Tools must not be loaded until just beforeintended firing.
Do not point at anyone!Fasteners not driven into hard/brittle oreasily penetrable material
Tools not used in hazardous atmosphere
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Lawnmowers
243(e)Meet the requirements of ANSI B71.1-X1968