Professeur Dr. Eberhard Bengsch
Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry Munich
Lyme Borreliose and Apitherapy
Lyme Borreliosis is transmitted by ticks and other haematophagic vectors
Infectous agents: pleomorphic microorganisms:spirochaetae, cystes, spheroblasts, microgranula
Epidemiology of Lyme Borreliosis in Germany
About 1.000.000 people infected without proper diagnosis and treatment
Main Clinical diagnostic
• Precise diagnostic generally four years after infection with systemic non-specific pathologies
• Basic rapid diagnostics using IgM and IgG antibodies agains borrelia,Immunoblot, borrelia elispot (lymphocyte transformation test)
• CD3- /CD57+ T-Lymphocytes: NK cells
Frequent Co-Infections
• Babesia: frequent in cats, infectious agent: Babseia microti
• Ehrlichiosis: form of anaplamosis (Ehrlichia)
• Bartonella
• Coxiella
• Rickettsia (tick fever)
• Mycoplasma
• Virusés: FSME, EBV, CMV, Herpes simplex I + II, Borna-Virus
• Chlamydia pneumoniae:
gramnegative bacteria, entering cells
• Chlamydia trachomatis
Some Clinical Symptoms:
• Early: Erythema migrans
• Lyme Dermatitis
Some Clinical Symptoms:
• Acrodermatitis chronica
atrophicans
Late Neuroborreliosis
• Facialisparesis:
• Visual paresis:
Treatment of Lyme Borelliosis by Apitherapy
• First stadium: Immediately after tick bite (up to 48 h) local treatment by
propolis tincture, completed by propolis powder
• Infection generally eliminated ( ~ 95% of cases)
• Later: Classical antibiosis necessary (macrolides, tetracyclines,
acitromycin, ciprofloxacin, cephtriaxon (at high dosis � often massive
adverse side effects))
• Side effects treated by different
propolis administrations and
royal jelly:
direct activity against borreliosis
spirochaetae
Big Scale fabrication of Royal Jelly
Propolis: Biosynthesis of Flavonoids:
Phenylalanine
NH3PAL
Acide Cinnamomic
p-Cumarsäure
CoA
Cumaroyl-SCoA
3Malonyl-CoA
3CoA3CO2
Polyketid-Zwischenstufe
Chalkones
Flavanonoles
Aurones
Isoflavones
Flavanones
Flavones
Catechines
Flavan-3-ole
„Flavanole“
O
O
HO
OH
R1
OH
R3
Naringenin
O
O
HO
OH
R1
OH
R3
OH
Flavonoles
OH
O
HO
OH
R1
OH
R3
AnthocyanidinesO
OH
OH
HO
R1
OH
R3
+
Structure Flavonoide C15
Flavan-3-4-diole
Leukoanthocyanidines
O
O
OH
HO
OH
R1
OH
R3
OH
O
O
1
23
4
56
7
8
1'
2'3'
4'
6'5'
HO
R1
OH
R3
Some of the most important Flavonoids found in Honey and Propolis:
Galangin
Acacentin
Apigenin
Kaempferol
Quercetine
Pinocembrin
Chrysin
Fisetin
Caffeic acid phenetyl ester
Flavones:Flavanone:
D‘ autre composé :
Flavonoles:
• Bactericide
• Antiinflammatoric
• Antiviral
• Fungicide
Effects of Propolis against Borrelia and Co-Infectants
• Up to now long term apitherapeutical experiance in treating of late borrelliosis state 2 and 3 not yet established