Download - LP 1 Hx of Nsg
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
1/62
Lecturer : Ederlyn Maura M. Delamide
AN3104
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
2/62
Historical
Perspective'sOf Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
3/62
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
4/62
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
5/62
Learning Objectives
Discuss historical and cotemporary factors influencingthe development of nursing
Identify the essential aspect of nursing
List down important nursing leaders and theircontribution
Define nursing comprehensively
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
6/62
Learning Objectives
Differentiate the two (2) recipients ofNursing
Identify the four (4) major areaswithin the scope of nursing practice
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
7/62
Historical Perspectives
Womens Role
Wife Mother
Daughter
Sister
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
8/62
Religion
Benevolence- love thy neighbor as thyself
Good Samaritan
Royal Empire
Fabiola
The Crusades:
Formation of several Knights
- Knights of St. John of Jerusalem
(Knights of the Hospitalers)
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
9/62
Teutonic Knights
Knights of Saint Lazarus
Deaconess Groups
1836 Theodore Fliedner reinstituted the Orderof Deaconess opened small hospital andtraining school in Kaiserwerth, Germany
Florence Nightingale received her training innursing in Kaiserwerth School
Religion
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
10/62
Early Religious Values
Self denial
Spiritual calling Devotion to duty and work
Religion
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
11/62
War
Crimean War (1854-1856)
Florence Nigthingale
Sir Sidney Herbert of the British War
Dept
American Civil War ( 1861-1865)
- Harriet Tubman & Sojourner Truth
- Walt Whitman & Louisa Alcott- Dorothy Dix
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
12/62
War
World War I- American, British, and French women volunteers
- The Spirit of Nursing in Arlington NatinalCemetery
World War II
- Cadet Nurse Corps
-American Women Military
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
13/62
Societal Attitudes
Societal Attitudes significantly influencedprofessional nursing
Before mid-1800s nursing wasa. Without organization
b. Without education
c. Without social status
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
14/62
Societal Attitudes
Prevailing attitudes includes:
a. Womans place was in the home
b. No respectable woman should have a
career.c. Woman is said to be a wife and mother
d. Pleasant companion for his husband
e. Responsible mother for her children
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
15/62
Societal Attitudes
Societys attitudes about nursing are all reflected in the
writings of Charles Dickens
( Martin Chuzzlewit 1896)
She cared for the sick by neglecting them
Stealing from them
Physically abusing them This literal portrayal of nurses greatly influenced the
negative image and attitude toward nurses up tocontemporary times
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
16/62
Societal Attitudes
In contrast, the Guardian Angel or Angel of Mercyimage arose in the latter part of 19th centurybecause of Florence Nightingale during theCrimean War
a. Respect for the nursing profession
b. Granted women the right to vote
c. Allow nurse to control their profession
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
17/62
Nursing Leaders
Florence Nightingale
- Her achievements in improving the standards forthe care of war causalities in the Crimea earned
the title Lady with Lamp
- Her efforts in reforming hospital and in producingand implementing public health policies and in
her accomplished political nurse
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
18/62
Nursing Leaders
Considered thefounder of ModernNursing
She was influential indeveloping, nursingeducation, practice,and administration
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
19/62
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
20/62
Nursing Leaders
Nightingale was born wealthy and intellectualfamily
She believed she was called by God to help
othersand to improve the well being ofmankind (Schuyler, 1992,p.4)
She was determined to become a nurse in spite of
opposition from her family and the restrictivesocietal code for affluent young English women
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
21/62
Nursing Leaders
She visited Kaiserswerth in 1847,where she had three (3) monthstraining in nursing
In 1853, she studied in Paris with theSisters of Charity, after which she
returned to England to assume theposition of superintendent of a charityhospital for ill governesses
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
22/62
Nursing Leaders
Upon returning to England from theCrimea, a grateful English public gaveNightingale an honorarium of 4500
She used the money to develop theNightingale Training School for Nurseswhich opened in 1860
Nightingales vision of nursing,cludedpublic health and health promotion fornurses
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
23/62
Nursing Leaders
Clara Barton ( 1812-1912) She was a schoolteacher who volunteered as
a nurse during the American Civil War.
Her responsibility was to organize the nursing
services she was noted for her role in establishing the
American Red Cross, in linked with theInternational Red Cross ( Geneva Convention)
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
24/62
Nursing Leaders
Clara Barton(1812-1912)
organized theAmerican RedCross linked
with theInternationalRed Cross
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
25/62
Nursing Leaders
Lillian Wald (1867- 1940)
Considered the founder of Public Health
Wald and Mary Brewster were the first tooffer trained nursing services to the pooron the upper floor of a tenement called
the Henry Street Settlement and VisitingNurse Service
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
26/62
Nursing Leaders
Nursing services
Social services
Organized education
Cultural activities
Soon after the founding of the Henry Street
Settlement, school nursing was establishedas an adjunct to visiting nurse
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
27/62
Nursing Leaders
Lillian Wald
(1867-1940)
Founded theHenry Street
Settlement andVisiting NurseService
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
28/62
Nursing Leaders
Lavinia L. Dock
(1858-1956)
Feminist
Prolific writer Political activist
Suffragette
Friend of Wald
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
29/62
Nursing Leaders
participated in protest movements forwomens rights and resulted in the1920 passage of the 19th Amendment
to the U.S Constitution. Which grantedwomen the right to vote
Dock campaigned for legislation toallow nurses rather than physicians tocontrol their profession
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
30/62
Nursing Leaders Nursing Leader and suffragist
Active in the protest movement for womens rights that resulted inthe U.S Constitution amendment allowing women to vote in 1920
1893- Dock with the Mary Adelaide Nutting and Isabel Hamptonfounded the American Society of Superintendents of TrainingSchools for Nurses of the United States and Canada
-A precursor to the current National League for Nursing.
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
31/62
Nursing Leaders
Margaret Higgins Sanger(1879-1966)
Public Health Nurse in NewYork
Imprisoned for opening the
first birth controlinformation clinic inAmerica.
Founder of PlannedParenthood
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
32/62
Nursing Leaders
Nurse activist Margaret Sanger
Considered the founder of Plannedparenthood Was imprisoned foropening the first birth controlinformation clinic in Baltimore in
1916
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
33/62
Nursing Leaders Mary Breckinridge
(1881-1965)
Established the FrontierNursing Service
1918- worked with theAmerican Committee for
Devastated Francedistributing food, clothingand supplies to rural villagesand taking care of the sickchildren.
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
34/62
Nursing Leaders
In 1921, Breckinridge return to theUnited States with the plan to providehealth care to the people of rural
America
1925- with two other nurses began the
FNS in Leslie County in Kentucky andstarted one of the first midwiferytraining school in the United States
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
35/62
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
36/62
Definition of Nursing
Florence Nightingale Defined nursing
the act of utilizing the environmentof the patient to assist him in hisrecovery. (Nightingale, 1860).
clean environment
Well-ventilated
Quiet environment essential forrecovery
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
37/62
Often considered the first theorist
Nightingale raised the status ofNursing through education
Nurses were no longer untrainedhousekeepers but people educated inthe care of the sick
Definition of Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
38/62
Definition of Nursing
Virginia Henderson- was one of the firstmodern nurses to define nursing
The unique function of the nurse is toassist the individual, sick or well in theperformance of those activitiescontributing to the health or its
recovery.(or to peaceful death)
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
39/62
Definition of Nursing
He would perform unaided if he had thenecessary strength, will or knowledge and todo such a way as to help him gainindependence as rapidly as possible
Henderson (1966)- described nursing inrelation to client and the clients environmentas compared to nightingale, Henderson saw
the nurse as concerned with both the healthyand the ill individual
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
40/62
Definition of Nursing
In 1987, The Canadian Nurses Association(CAN) described nursing as a dynamic,caring, helping relationship I which the
nurse assists the client to achieve andobtain optimal health
In the latter 2oth century, several nursetheorist developed their own theoreticaldefinitions of nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
41/62
Theoretical definitions are importantbecause they go beyond thesimplistic common definitions
They described what nursing is
The relationship among nurses andnursing, the client, the environment
and the intended client outcome:health
Definition of Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
42/62
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
43/62
Nursing is adoptive
Nursing is concerned with thehealth promotion, healthmaintenance, and healthrestoration
Nursing is a helping profession
Definition of Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
44/62
Professional Nursing Associations alsodeveloped their definition
1973, American Nurses Association (ANA)described nursing practice as direct, goaloriented and adoptable to the needs of theindividual, the family and the community
during health and illness (ANA, 1973, p.9)
Definition of Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
45/62
In 1980, the ANA changed this definition ofnursing to this:
Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment ofthe human responses to actual and potentialhealth problems( ANA, 1980, p.9)
In 1995, ANA recognized the influence andcontribution of the science of caring to
nursing acknowledges four essential featuresto contemporary nursing practice
Definition of Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
46/62
a. Attention to the full range of humanexperiences and responses to health andillness without restriction to a problem
focused orientation
b. Integration of objective data withknowledge gained from an
understanding of the client or groupssubjective experience
Definition of Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
47/62
c. Application of scientific knowledgeto the processes of diagnosis and
treatment
d. Provision of a caring relationship
that facilitates health and healing
Definition of Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
48/62
The recipients of nursing are sometimescalled Consumers
Consumers- is an individual, group ofpeople, or community that uses aservice or commodity
People who use health care products orservice are consumers of health care
Recipients of Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
49/62
Recipients of Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
50/62
Recipients of Nursing
Patient- person who is waiting for orundergoing medical treatment and care
The word patient came from a Latin wordmeaning to suffer or to bear. Traditionallythe person receiving health care has beencalled a patient
Usually, people become patients when theyseek assistance because of illness or for surgery
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
51/62
Recipients of Nursing Clients- person who engages the service or
services of another who is qualified to provide thisservice
The term client presents the receiver of health care
as laboratories in the care, as people who are alsoresponsible for their own health
The health status of the client is the responsibility
of the individual in collaboration with healthprofessionals
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
52/62
Scope of Nursing
Nurses provides care for three types ofClients:
Individuals Families
Communities
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
53/62
Scope of Nursing
Nursing practice involves fourareas:
Promoting health and wellness Preventing illness
Restoring health
Care of the dying
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
54/62
1. Promoting Health and Wellness
Wellness is a state of well-being.
Engaging in attitudes and behaviorthat enhance the quality of life andmaximize personal potential
( Anspaugh, hamrick, & Rosata,2001)
Scope of Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
55/62
Nurses promote wellness in clients in bothhealthy and ill by:
Improving nutrition and physical fitness
Preventing drug and alcohol misuse
Restricting smoking
Preventing accidents and injury at home
and workplace
Scope of Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
56/62
Preventing illness the goal is to maintainoptimal health by preventing disease
Nursing Activities includes: Immunizations
Prenatal and infant care
Prevention of sexually transmitted disease
Scope of Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
57/62
Restoring Health
Focuses on the ill client and it extends fromearly detection of disease through helping theclient during the recovery period
Nursing Activities includes:
Providing direct care to the ill person, such
as administering medications, baths andspecific procedures and treatment
Scope of Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
58/62
Performing diagnostic and assessmentprocedures such as, measuring blood pressureand examining feces for occult blood
Consulting with other health care professionalsabout clients problems
Teaching clients about recovery activities, suchas exercises that will accelerate recovery afterstroke
Scope of Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
59/62
Rehabilitating clients to their optimalfunctional level following physical ormental illness, injury, or chemical
addiction
Scope of Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
60/62
Care of the Dying
provides comforting and caring for people
of all ages who are dying. Includes: Helping clients as comfortably as possible
until death
Helping support persons cope with death
Scope of Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
61/62
Nurses carry these activities at:
Home
Hospitals
Extended care facilities.
Some agency, like hospices are specially
designed for this purpose
Scope of Nursing
-
8/8/2019 LP 1 Hx of Nsg
62/62