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LOOKING BENEATH THE SURFACEOUR ENVIRONMENTS, OUR BRAINS, AND CHILDREN’S SELF-REGULATION
SHANNON M. WARREN, DOCTORAL CANDIDATE
UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, NORTON SCHOOL
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“BE A TOURIST IN OTHER PERSPECTIVES.”
~Questlove, 2018
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PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES
• Discuss how looking beneath the surface might shift our understanding of
children’s development.
• Compare and contrast young children’s environments and self-regulation
strategies.
• Consider implications for working with and understanding young children
and families.
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Children’s experiences
Children’s outcomes
Children’s environments
Biology
Children’s development
Brain architecture
Human History
SURFACE VIEW
BENEATH THE
SURFACE
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SELF-REGULATION
• Ability to controls one’s
thoughts, actions, and
emotions.
pbs.org
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SELF-REGULATION
• Effortful control
• Executive functions
• Emotion Regulation
• Delay of gratification
• Inhibitory control
• Self-control…
naeyc.org
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THE MARSHMALLOW EXPERIMENT
Research on delay of
gratification (self-
regulation) by Dr. Walter
Mischel
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SELF-REGULATION
naturalstart.org
Higher Lower
• Better math &
language
• Social
withdrawal
• Higher GPA • Aggression
• Moral
development
• Impulsivity
• Social skills
• Overall school
competence
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SELF-REGULATION
nia.nih.gov
Impacts our social
interactions.
Depends on our
anticipation of the future.
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SELF-REGULATION
HIGH
IMPULSIVE
LOW
CONTROL
FOCUS ON
FUTURE
REWARDS
FOCUS ON
TODAY’S
REWARDS
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CHILDREN’S ADVERSE EARLY EXPERIENCES AND DEVELOPMENT
Connectingparadigms.org
Iowaaeyc.org
Pediatrics.aappublications.org
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Developingchild.Harvard.org
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CHILDREN’S ADVERSE EARLY EXPERIENCES AND DEVELOPMENT
Positive, supportive
early experiences
Optimal brain
development
High Self-
Regulation
Good
Outcomes
Poor, unsupportive
early experiences
Suboptimal brain
development
Low Self-
Regulation
Poor
Outcomes
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LOW SELF-REGULATION = BAD
HIGH SELF-REGULATION = GOOD
But is this always true?
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HOW SPECIES ADAPTED TO ENVIRONMENTS OVER TIME
Some evolve physical features that are beneficial; others evolve specific
behaviors that are beneficial.
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HOW SPECIES ADAPT TO THEIR ENVIRONMENTS IN REAL TIME
Plasticity - early environments, even in utero, shape physical characteristics and
behaviors to match the environment.
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CHANGES TO BRAIN CONNECTIONS IMPORTANT FOR SELF-REGULATION
Palacios-Barrios & Hanson (2019)
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WHERE IS HIGHER SELF-REGULATION HELPFUL?
Environments with
• High social support
• Resources readily available
• Time is plentiful
• High predictability
• Long life expectancy
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RANGE OF HUMAN ENVIRONMENTS THROUGHOUT HISTORY
Dev.to
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OUR BRAINS AND BODIES HAVE EVOLVED OVER TIME TO ADAPT TO DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS
Biologywise.com
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LONG HISTORY OF LIVING IN SOCIAL GROUPS
Illustrationhistory.org
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WHEN MIGHT IT BE HELPFUL TO HAVE LOWER SELF-REGULATION, FOCUS ON REWARDS HERE AND NOW, AND/OR BE MORE IMPULSIVE?
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OUR BRAINS, OUR ENVIRONMENTS
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23% OF ARIZONA’S YOUNG CHILDREN LIVE IN POVERTY
U.S. Census Bureau (2019)
www.azeconomy.org
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18% OF ARIZONA’S YOUNG CHILDREN HAVE EXPERIENCED 2+ ACES
Child & Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative (2019)
www.militaryfamilieslearningnetwork.org