Locating Places on a Locating Places on a MapMap
22
Cardinal PointsCardinal Points The four main directions of The four main directions of
a compass are known as a compass are known as cardinal pointscardinal points. They are . They are north (N), east (E), south north (N), east (E), south (S) and west (W). (S) and west (W).
33
Intercardinal (Ordinal) PointsIntercardinal (Ordinal) Points
Sometimes, the Sometimes, the intercardinal intercardinal (ordinal) (ordinal) points of:points of:• north-east (NE),north-east (NE),• north-west (NW),north-west (NW),• south-east (SE) andsouth-east (SE) and• south-west (SW) south-west (SW)
are shown on the are shown on the compass.compass.
44
Compass BearingsCompass Bearings ThisThis compass shows compass shows
degree degree measurements from measurements from 0° to 360° in 10° 0° to 360° in 10° intervals with:intervals with:• north representing 0° north representing 0°
or 360° or 360° • east representing 90° east representing 90° • south representing south representing
180° 180° • west representing west representing
270° 270°
55
BearingBearing The The true bearingtrue bearing to a to a
point is the angle point is the angle measured in degrees in a measured in degrees in a clockwise direction from clockwise direction from the north line. We will the north line. We will refer to the true bearing refer to the true bearing simply as the simply as the bearingbearing..
66
Bearing ExampleBearing Example For example, the For example, the
bearing of point bearing of point P P is is 065º which is the 065º which is the number of degrees in number of degrees in the angle measured in the angle measured in a clockwise direction a clockwise direction from the north line to from the north line to the line joining the the line joining the centre of the compass centre of the compass at at OO with the point with the point P P (i.e. (i.e. OPOP).).
77
.
Compass Points
N
S
EW 090o
360/000o
270o
180o
SE
Half way between South and East
SW
Half way between South
and West
Half way between North
and WestNW NE
Half way between North
and East
88
1. Measured from North.2. In a clockwise direction.3. Written as 3 figures.
N
S
EW
N
S
EW
N
S
EW
060o
145o230o
315o
60o
145o
230o 315o
Bearings
N
S
EW 090o
360/000o
270o
180o
99
Bearings
N
S
EW 090o
360/000o
270o
180o
A 360o protractor is
used to measure bearings.
020o
080o
110o
SE
135o160o210o
SW
225o
250o
290o
NW
315o 350o
Use your protractor to measure the bearing of each point from the centre of the circle. (Worksheet 1)NE
045o
1010
19 Apr 2023
360/000o
090o
180o
270oW E
N
S
Air Traffic
Controller
Control Tower
Estimate the
bearing of each
aircraft from the centre of the radar screen.
030o
075o
045o
200o
135o
330o
225o
290o
110o250o
315o
170o
1111
19 Apr 2023
360/000o
090o
180o
270oW E
N
S
Air Traffic
Controller
Control Tower
1
2
12
109
8
411
7
6
53
040o
250o
280o
120o
195o
010o
325o
155o
235o
310o
060o
Worksheet 2
Estimate the
bearing of each
aircraft from the centre of the radar screen.
ACE
Controller
contest
1212
Bearings
Measuring the bearing of one point from another.
1. Draw a straight line between both points.2. Draw a North line at P.
3. Measure angle between.
N
P
Q
To Find the bearing of Q from P.
118o
1313
Bearings
Measuring the bearing of one point from another.
1. Draw a straight line between both points.2. Draw a North line at Q.
3. Measure angle between.
N
P
Q
To Find the bearing of P from Q.
298o
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Bearings: Fixing Position
Trainee pilots have to to learn to be cope when the unexpected happens. If their navigation equipment fails they can quickly find their position by calling controllers at two different airfields for a bearing. The two bearings will tell the pilot where he is. The initial call on the controllers radio frequency will trigger a line on the radar screen showing the bearing of the calling aircraft.Airfield (A)
283.2 MHZ UHF
Airfield (B)
306.7 MHZ UHFThankyou
170o
255o
1515
Bearings
N
S
EW 090o
000/360o
270o
180o
1616
Grid SystemsGrid Systems The most common way to locate a place on a The most common way to locate a place on a
map is to use a grid system.map is to use a grid system.
A grid system allows the location of a point on a A grid system allows the location of a point on a map (or on the surface of the earth) to be map (or on the surface of the earth) to be described in a way that is meaningful and described in a way that is meaningful and universally understood.universally understood.
1717
Simple Grid SystemSimple Grid System A simple grid is shown with the location of a point of A simple grid is shown with the location of a point of
interest that we want to describeinterest that we want to describe
In order for a point designation on a grid to be meaningful, In order for a point designation on a grid to be meaningful, there must be an origin to the grid which can be used to there must be an origin to the grid which can be used to reference the point to.reference the point to.
1818
Alphanumeric GridAlphanumeric Grid An alphanumeric grid An alphanumeric grid
uses letters and numerals uses letters and numerals to identify squares on a to identify squares on a grid pattern.grid pattern.
1919
Map Grid (Military Grid)Map Grid (Military Grid)
A method to locate points on a mapA method to locate points on a map
With this method, a system of numbered lines is With this method, a system of numbered lines is superimposed on a map and position is stated by superimposed on a map and position is stated by quoting the numbers of the lines that intersect at quoting the numbers of the lines that intersect at the point in question.the point in question.
2020
Using the Military GridUsing the Military Grid For instance, let's For instance, let's
utilize the military grid utilize the military grid to determine which to determine which grid square the church grid square the church is located inis located in..
2121
Identifying Grid Squares - Identifying Grid Squares - EastingEasting
First, gFirst, go to the Western o to the Western edge of the grid square that edge of the grid square that the object is in first. Then the object is in first. Then from that western edge, go from that western edge, go up or down until you come up or down until you come to a number. In this case, to a number. In this case, going up or down yields the going up or down yields the number number 9191. These are the . These are the first two digits for the square first two digits for the square that the church is in.that the church is in.
2222
Identifying Grid Squares - Identifying Grid Squares - NorthingNorthing
Secondly, go to the Secondly, go to the Southern edge of the grid Southern edge of the grid square that the object is in. square that the object is in. From that southern edge, From that southern edge, go across until you come to go across until you come to a number. In this case, the a number. In this case, the number is number is 9494. This . This represents the third and represents the third and fourth digits for the square fourth digits for the square that the church is in.that the church is in.
Hence, the church is in Hence, the church is in grid square 9194grid square 9194
2323
Six Digit Military Grid MethodSix Digit Military Grid Method
With this method, you start out With this method, you start out exactly the same way as the four exactly the same way as the four digit method. Then ask yourself, digit method. Then ask yourself, how far over from that western edge how far over from that western edge is the church? To determine this, is the church? To determine this, picture the grid square as if it was picture the grid square as if it was divided into ten equal vertical divided into ten equal vertical sections.sections.
The church is 6 sections over from The church is 6 sections over from the Western edge of the grid the Western edge of the grid square. Therefore, the first three square. Therefore, the first three digits are 916.digits are 916.
2424
Fourth and Fifth DigitsFourth and Fifth Digits Now, to obtain the fNow, to obtain the fifth and ifth and
sixth sixth digits, do the same as digits, do the same as you did for the four digit you did for the four digit methodmethod and and ask yourself, ask yourself, how far up from the how far up from the southern edge is the southern edge is the church? To determine this, church? To determine this, picture the grid square as if picture the grid square as if it was divided into ten equal it was divided into ten equal horizontal sections.horizontal sections.
2525
Six-digit Grid ReferenceSix-digit Grid Reference The church is 5 sections up The church is 5 sections up
from the Southern edge. from the Southern edge. Therefore, the last three Therefore, the last three digits are 945.digits are 945.
In summary, the church is In summary, the church is located at located at 916945916945..
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QuestionsQuestions
Page 30, #1-10 Page 30, #1-10
Page 33, Hamilton-Burlington Topographic Page 33, Hamilton-Burlington Topographic Map Study, #1, 2.Map Study, #1, 2.