Download - Loanwords of Dutch & Flemish Food and Drink
Loanwords of Dutch & FlemishFood and Drink
Gabriella Pan & Christopher Jianglin
IntroductionBoth in Germanic family and thus bear many similarities
Some of the loanwords may also be from MLG (Middle Low German).
Common Ways of Dutch Words Borrowed by English
Through trade and seafaring Via the New Netherland settlements
in North America Due to contact between
Dutch/Afrikaans speakers with English speakers in South Africa
French words of Dutch/Flemish origin have been adopted into English
[1] BoozeColloquial expression of drink or alcoholic drink (1732)
Online Etymology Dictionary (OEtD): The modern form from MDu (Middle Dutch) busen ‘to drink heavily’
Booze Oxford English Dictionary (OED): But
also derived from Middle English bous, and later bouse, bowse ‘drink,’ ‘to drink’ (1325, or ‘a drinking-vessel’)
Explanation: There is a common origin in Germanic language family but the MoE (Modern English) usage was introduced from MDu
[2] BrandyA kind of alcohol distilled from wine, grapes or fruit (a1640)
The original form brandwine, brandewine is from Dutch brandewijn ‘burnt’ (i.e. distilled) wine
BrandyAbbreviated as brandy as early as 1657; the fuller form was retained in official use down to the end of 17th century)
OED: The spelling usually misled people to regard it as a compound of brand and wine.
[3] ColeslawOED: Also cold slaw, cole-slaugh (AmE) Sliced cabbage dressed with salt, pepper, vinegar, etc. (1794)
ColeslawDutch koolsla, reduced form of kool-salade, kool cabbage plus salade salad
Cole also means cabbage in MoE.
[4] Cookie(AmE) ‘a small flat or slightly raised cake (Merriam Webster)’ (1754)
OEtD: From Dutch koekje ‘small cake’ dim. (diminutive, expressing slight degree or smaller size of the root meaning) of koek ‘cake,’ from MDu koke
CookieThis is sure for the U. S., but for Scotland the history of this word is unknown.
According to Scottish National Dictionary, it might be from Dutch during the Middle Ages or derived directly from the word cook.
CookieBiscuit in the U. K.
Interesting phrase that's the way the cookie crumbles ‘that's the way things happen’ from 1957
Famous derivation in Chinese restaurant in the U. S. fortune cookie
[5] Cranberry1640s, American English adaptation of Low German kraanbere, from kraan ‘crane’ and Middle Low German bere ‘berry’
Probably named from the likeness between the stamen of the plant and the bird’s bleak
CranberryProbably used by the German and Dutch settlers in America when recognizing the plant similar in Europe
They were marshwhort or fenberries originally in England
[6] CrullerA fried pastry often made from a rectangle of dough with two twisted sides
CrullerFrom early 19th century Dutch krullen ‘to curl’
Why traditional crullers can be found more easily in the Midwest?
Youtiao ‘Chinese cruller’
[7] GinA spirit which derives its predominant flavor from juniper berries
GinFrom Dutch jenever (or genever), which means ‘juniper’
In the Eighty Years’ War (1568-1648)Dutch courage: a feeling of confidence that comes after drinking alcohol
GinIn the Glorious Revolution (1688), gin became vastly more popular in Britain.
[8] HopsMacmillan: a plant whose flowers are dried and used for making beer
HopsFrom Dutch hoppe
Imported from Holland to Britain around 1400
Hop cultivation in the U. S. (1629)
[9] Stockfishunsalted fish, especially cod, dried by cold air and wind on wooden racks on the foreshore
StockfishFrom Dutch stokvis ‘stick fish,’ possibly referring to . . . 1. the wooden racks2. resemblance bet. the fish & a stick3. a wooden yoke or harness
German Stockmaß ‘the height of a horse at the withers’
[10] WaffleMacmillan: a flat cake that has deep square marks on both sides
WaffleFrom the Dutch wafel and related to Old English wefan ‘to weave’
Discovered by the Pilgrims in Holland and brought across the Atlantic in 1620
Dutch immigrants popularized the dish in New Amsterdam
References Kemmer, S. (2011, August 22).
Loanwords . Retrieved from http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Words/loanwords.html
In Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved from http://www.etymonline.com/index.php
References Retrieved November 1, 2012 from
Wikipedia: List of English words of Dutch origin
(October 12, 2012) Cruller (October 12, 2012) Gin (October 28, 2012) Hops (October 27, 2012) Stockfish (September 30, 2012) Waffle (October 7, 2012)
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