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LNG Use in TruckingP. Sean Garney
Policy Analyst
American Trucking Associations
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Agenda
• Why Natural Gas• LNG vs CNG• Considering a change• Fueling Infrastructure• Industry Momentum• The future
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Why Natural Gas?
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Why Natural Gas?
• Environmental Benefit– 30% less tailpipe carbon emissions– Compromised by well-to-wheel methane leakage– Bridge fuel
• Cost– Represents a significant economic benefit
• Fuel and Payroll are the two largest
expenditures for trucking• $4.00 per gallon• Less volatile
• Movement to convert is largely driven by economic benefits
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LNG vs CNG
• Fuel choice is driven by scope of operations– CNG is good for short haul, intracity, return to base
• Less Dense– Requires more storage, more tanks– Range is compromised. Under 350mi– More CNG infrastructure is available
• No “boil off”• Cheaper
– LNG longer haul, regular route• More Dense
– Less storage– Lighter tanks
• Better Range. 350-900mi.• “Boil Off”
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LNG Special Considerations
• Vehicle Cost• Estimates range. 40-80K premium
• Engine Type/Availability• Spark Vs Compression
• Compression Pros: Power, fuel economy, better well to wheel emission reduction
• Compression Cons: Heavier, Requires Diesel and DEF Tank, After-treatment maintenance required, more expensive
• Spark Pros: No after-treatment , Lighter, No diesel or DEF required
• Spark Cons: Less efficient, additional maintenance
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LNG Special Considerations
• Weight/space penalty• Range – Up to 850 mi.• Maintenance Cost
• Maintenance facility upgrades
• Tax Penalty• Fuel Tax• FET
• Fuel Availability• Resale• ROI
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LNG ROI
• ROI is dependent on – Fleet Turnover
• Many large fleets aim for 4 years
– Mileage Driven– Fuel Price
• At $3.00 diesel, economics break even
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LNG’s Best Application
• Hub and Spoke– Centrally fueled– Predictable routes– Private refueling infrastructure
• Established Freight Corridors– Must be regular route– Must be medium range (500-700 miles)
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Fueling Infrastructure
• Chicken and Egg– Public build-out has begun
• Clean Energy – 100-125 stations by end 2013– 70 in 33 states last year (waiting for trucks)– Many co-located at Pilot Flying J Truck Stops
• TA/Shell – 200 Lanes in 100 locations• Love’s Travel Stops – Balanced CNG Distribution
approach• Encana – 1 public station, experimenting with mobile
LNG refueling• ENN – Plans for 50 stations by end of 2013
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Fleet Adoption of LNG
• UPS – – April announcement 700 LNG truck purchase– June announcement 285 additional trucks
• Nine additional fueling stations• Ryder –
– 300 natural gas powered trucks– 2 fueling stations, plans for 4 more– Also building maintenance facilities
• Waste Management– 1,700 CNG Vehicles
• Creates own Natural BioGas
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Fleet Adoption
• Many other fleets in the testing phase• Shipper Pressure
– Proctor & Gamble: 20% of freight hauled in next 2 years• 8 carriers under contract
– Owens Corning: 22 lanes under contract for natural gas users
– Office Depot: Dedicated Philly to Chicago– May shift fuel surcharge paradigm
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The Future
• More Engines become available– 11.9 L 2013, 6.7 L 2015, 15L Spark 2015
• More trucks will be sold (Estimates vary)– Low case: 4% by 2017– High case: 15% by 2017
• Distant Future– Low case: 40% by 2050– High case: 48% by 2050.
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The Future
• EIA – LNG prices 40% below diesel for Next 30 years– Natural gas as a fuel for vehicles will rise 12% per year
through 2040– 700,000 million bbl/day displaced by 2040– Will be 6% of total highway energy mix by 2040