Download - Linked data for Libraries, Archives, Museums
Linked Datafor Libraries, Archives, Museums
Learning objectives• Define the concept of linked data
• State 3 benefits of creating linked data and making it
available
• Outline the process of creating LD
• State how to make use of LD created by others
Basic Terms
Linked Data (LD)
"a term used to describe a recommended best practice for exposing, sharing, and connecting pieces of data, information, and knowledge on the Semantic Web using URIs and RDF."
http://linkeddata.org/faq
Linked Open Data (LOD)
Linked Data that is explicitly published under an open license.
Not all Linked Data will be open, and not all Open Data will be
linked
LOD-LAM
Linked Open Datain
Libraries Archives Museums
#lodlam
URI
Uniform Resource Identifier
A string of characters used to identify a name or resource on the Internet
RDF
Resource Description Framework
“a metadata data model. It has come to be used as a general method for conceptual description or modeling of information that is implemented in web resources, using a variety of syntax formats.”
Wikipedia
RDF
Defined statements compromising a subject, a predicate (property), and an object.
These statements are called “triples”
SPARQLSPARQL protocol and RDF Query Language
SPARQL Endpoint: “URL for a given set of RDF data that you can send queries to and get answers from”
Dorothea Salo
Linked Data (LD)Linked data “describes a method of publishing structured data so that it can be interlinked and become more useful. It builds upon standard Web technologies such as HTTP and URIs, but rather than using them to serve web pages for human readers, it extends them to share information in a way that can be read automatically by computers. This enables data from different sources to be connected and queried”
Wikipedia definition
Web of documentsvs.
Web of data
resource
resource
resource
resource
resource links to
links to
links to
links to
Diagram by Emily Nimsakont
links to
links to
links to
links to
links to
data links to
links to
links to
links to
data data
data
datadata
datadata
datadata
data
data
data
data
data
Diagram by Emily Nimsakont
Relationship grammar
Resource A Resource B
Describe resources using interrelated “statements” (RDF triples)
Use URIs – unique globally managed identifiers as the “words” of the statement
relatedTo
Slide by DCMI tutorial “What makes the Linked Data Approach Different”
Traditional metadata = Implicit Relationships
MARC Bibliographic Record
100 10 Smart, Laura J. ǂq (Laura Jean), ǂd 1971-
245 00 Women in Science ǂh [electronic resource].
Linked Data is Explicit
Laura J. Smart Women in ScienceisCreatorOf
Women in Science sdsc.edu/ScienceWomenisTitleOf
Object – predicate - subject
Triple with URIs
Laura J. Smarthttp://viaf.org/viaf/171972263
is creator ofhttp://purl.org/dc/terms/creator
Women in Sciencehttp://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen
Under the hood
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen"><dc:title>Women in Science</dc:title><dc:creator dc:source="http://viaf.org/viaf/171972263/" rdfs:Literal="Laura J. Smart" /></rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>
It’s the data, stupid.
“We’re not dealing with records anymore. We are working with interrelated nodes of data”
Diane Hillmann
What does it really look like?
“This is kind of like asking what electricity looks like: it doesn't so much look like anything, as it makes certain things possible”
Karen Coyle
Benefits of creating/using Linked Data
• Sharable• Extensible• Reusable• Multi-lingual• Reduce redundancy• Improve discoverability• Sophisticated navigation
Benefits of creating/using Linked Data
• Enhanced publications• Facilitate research • Separate semantics from syntax• Persistent URIs an aid to digital preservation• Drive users to your site• Collaborate with less licensing hassle (LOD)
All the kids are doing it
“The new bibliographic framework project will be focused on the Web environment, Linked Data principles and mechanisms, and the Resource Description Framework (RDF) as a basic data model.”
LC Bibliographic Framework for the Digital Agehttp://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/news/framework-103111.html
How to?
Other prerequisites: HTML. URIs.
“Learn about Resource Description Framework. Never look back.”
Rurik Greenall, Norwegian Institute Science & Technology
Berners-Lee Basic Linked Data Principles
1. Use URIs as names for things 2. Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up
those names3. When someone looks up a URI, provide
useful information, using the standards (RDF, SPARQL)
4. Include links to other URIs. so that they can discover more things.
Source: Heath & Bizer http://linkeddatabook.com/editions/1.0/
The process: 1st get your data
Feynman, Richard Phillips, 1918-1988 LCCN: n 50002729
http://viaf.org/viaf/44298691
http://lccn.loc.gov/n50002729
The process: Get your data into RDF/XML
Name LCCNRobert B. Phillips n 00014131 Keith C. Schwab nr2002032640
From here:
Robert Phillips http://lccn.loc.gov/n00014131
Creator http://purl.org/dc/terms/creator
Book title http://openlibrary.org/books/OL11358296MPhysical biology of the cell
To here:
The process: Expose that data
Learning objectives• Define the concept of linked data
• State 3 benefits of creating linked data and making it
available
• Outline the process of creating LD
• State how to make use of LD created by others
Thanks!library.caltech.edu/laura