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Early Adulthood
A Look at the 20s and 30s
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Physical Development
A Look at Physical Development During the 20s and 30s
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Physical Endurance Physiological
peak during the early 20s
30s: slow, gradual decline
Lose lung reserve capacity
Due to lack of exercise
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Sexual Responsive Men are most
sexually responsive in their late teens and early 20s
Women become more sexually responsive in their late 30s on
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Sexual Reproduction 10% of reproductive population:
infertility Males-low sperm count or unhealthy
sperm Females-failure to ovulate; pelvic
inflammatory disease One-third of couples conceive without
treatment Half with treatment still don’t conceive
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Fertility Treatments
85-90% fertility drugs In vitro fertilization (5% cases)
5-30% success rate GIFT (gamete intra-fallopian
transfer) Sperm and ova into fallopian tube
ZIFT (zygote intra-fallopian transfer)
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Problems Which Peak During Early Adulthood
Drug Abuse Peaks between 19-22 Impairs judgment Associated with acquaintance rape Sexually transmitted infections
Violent Death in males
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Cognitive Development
A Look at Adult Thinking
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Postformal Thinking What’s the difference between a
14 year old and a 34 year old in terms of thinking?
Experience Practicality and realism Postformal Thinking is both
abstract, realistic, and personal
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Dialectical Thought
Adolescents: dichotomous thinkers Adults: Dialectical thought Education promotes this Leads to greater tolerance
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Educational Concerns What is the relationship between
higher education and the workplace?
Bok: the two should be more closely aligned Global awareness Communicative skills Moral reasoning
Lack of rigor in higher education?
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Psychosocial Development
A Look At the Social World of People in Their 20s and 30s
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Developmental Tasks of Early Adulthood Independence Identity Emotional Stability Career Intimacy Community Residence Parenting
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Developmental Tasks of Early Adulthood
Future focus Emphasis on age/experience Decision-making based on what
others think Goal is to be seen as an adult
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Theories of Early Adulthood: Levinson
Early adult transition Entering the adult world Age 30 transition Settling down Midlife transition
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Theories of Early Adulthood: Erikson
Intimacy vs. Isolation
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Friendships As A Source of Intimacy
Opposite sexed friendships Friendships between males Friendships between females
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Partners As A Source of Intimacy: Cohabitation
How many cohabiting couples? 7.5 million; 800,000 same-sex
couples How long?
Half end within a year; longer in Europe
Shorter for younger partners Rates are changing in the United
States
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Why Cohabit?
Premarital cohabitation Dating cohabitation Trial marriage
Testing ‘marriage’ not a partner Substitute marriage
40% of these last 5-7 years
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Same-Sex Couples
Marriage legal in Spain, Canada, Belgium, Argentina, Norway, Iceland, the Netherlands, South Africa, and Denmark
Couple issues no different Greater equality between partners Break-up and continued contact
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Mate Selection Median Age of 1st Marriage: 25 females;
27 males Social Exchange Theory: The Marriage
Market and social currency A Fair Exchange
The Principle of Least Interest Homogamy
Endogamy, exogamy, propinquity
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Sternberg’s TriangularApproach to Love
Love has three elements: Intimacy is the emotional
component of a relationship. Passion is the motivational piece
of the relationship, (arousal and attraction).
Commitment represents the cognitive dimension of a relationship.
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Sternberg’s Types of Love
Liking Infatuation Empty Love Romantic Love Companionate Love Fatuous Love Consummate Love
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Styles of Love
A Look at Several Type Theories on Love
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John Lee’s Six Styles of Love
Pragma - down-to-earth (pragmatic) style of love.
Agape - altruistic, partners are completely selfless, always giving without expecting something in return.
Mania - characterized as possessive and obsessive; demanding, insecure, volatile
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John Lee’s Six Styles of Love Eros-overpowering, erotic love in
which a person feels consumed Ludus-carefree and
nonpossessive; more fun than commitment
Storge-love that develops slowly over time; begins as friendships; (if they break up, they remain friends)
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Frames of Relationships
In this type of relationship, partners lean on one another and have little sense of self
Considered dependent
If one partner changes, the other will fall
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Frames of Relationships In this type of
relationship, partners lives are parallel
Considered independent
If one leaves, the other might not notice
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Frames of Relationships In this type of
relationship, partners have a strong life as a couple, but also are able to stand alone
Considered interdependent
If one leaves, the other will hurt, but can survive
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Social Psychological Theories Reiss’s Wheel
Theory of Love
Rapport
Self-revelation
Mutual
dependencyNeed fulfillment
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Process of Disaffection: Breaking Up
Before: “Little Fictions” Beginning Phase: Psychological
Breakup Middle Phase: Disappointment End Phase: Hopelessness