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Life for ManyAfrican-Americans
From 1870-1920
Why were African-Americans left out of the Progressive Era reforms?
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Constitutional Amendments After the Civil War
13th – Prohibits Slavery 14th – Grants citizenship & “equal
protection under the law” to all citizens 15th – Grants all men the right to vote
NOT ENFORCED by late 1800’sPlessy v. Ferguson
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I. Political Treatment
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Poll Taxes Literacy Tests
Grandfather Clauses Intimidation & Violence
Closed primaries All these limit political participation of
blacks
Examples
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Why did white leaders continue to limit the political power of African-Americans?
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II. Economic Treatment
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Sharecropping
1890
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Domestic & Manual Jobs
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DeFacto Segregation
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How does economic oppressionperpetuate inequality?
Why do you think the U.S.government allowed thisviolation of the 14th Amendment?
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III. Social Treatment
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“Jim Crow” LawsBecame the norm
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Lynchings
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Lynchings continued to occur wellinto the 20th century. What does that show you?
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IV. Reformers in ConflictBooker T. Washington W.E.B. Du Bois
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Booker T Washington
What were Booker T Washington’s objectives and motivations?
(Brief biography…)
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Tuskegee Institute
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W.E.B. DuBois
Harvard PhD Civil Rights activist “talented 10th” of
blacks need to develop new strategies
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Niagara Movement
&
NAACP
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Niagara Movement
Full voting rights (1964/65) End to segregation (1954) Equal treatment in justice system (still not
fully realized…) Equal opportunity in military (1941) Equal opportunity in education (1964)
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Ida B. Wells
Anti-lynching Editorials Sit-in Founding of NAACP
Ida B Wells…
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Wilson’s In-action and Legacy
1913 intro formal segreg in gov’t
Showed Birth of a Nation
WWI served in large numbers
1919 Red Summer 1921 Tulsa Riots
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Northern Migration
1.5 million 1910-1930 Moved to North and Midwest from the
South
– This would usher in a new phase in the evolution of civil rights for African-Americans
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Harlem Renaissance