Download - Lesson 4 secondary research 2
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Lesson 4RESEARCHMETHODS 1b
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Students will …
1. recognize primary and secondary
approaches to research
2. identify appropriate primary and secondary
research sources
3. categorize methods for primary and
secondary research
4. identify quantitative and qualitative
approaches to primary research
5.evaluate secondary research sources
6. explore secondary sources online
Learning Outcomes
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
The searching for and
gathering of information
and ideas in response to a
specific question
research
The set of methods used to address a particular research problem
methodology
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Involves collecting and measuring data
Often requires large data sets. For example, large numbers of people.
Uses mathematical methods to analyse data
Aims to achieve objective/scientific view of the subject
QuantitativeInvolves understanding human behaviour and the reasons behind it
Focus is on individuals and small groups
Objectivity is not the goal, the aim is to understand one point of view, not all points of view
QualitativePrimary
Approaches
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Photo Ethnography Study
Literature Review
Questionnaire
Literature Review
InterviewSurveyThe combination of
methods in the
study of the same
topic
Triangulation
(Visocky & Visocky, 2009)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
A comprehensive
investigation of material
such as books and articles
relating to the research
topic.
Literature review
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Evaluating
SecondarySources
Use the C.R.A.P. test:1. Currency2. Reliability3. Authority4. Purpose
(CRAP Test 2008)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Evaluating
SecondarySources
* Currency -
How recent is the information?
Are there more recent updates available?
Is it current enough for your topic?
(CRAP Test 2008)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Evaluating
SecondarySources
* Reliability -
Is content of the resource primarily
opinion?Is it balanced and evidenced?
Does the creator provide references or
sources for data or quotations?(CRAP Test 2008)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Evaluating
SecondarySources
*Authority -Who is the creator or author?
What are his/her credentials?
Is he/she an expert?
Who is the published or sponsor?
Are they reputable?
(CRAP Test 2008)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Evaluating
SecondarySources
* Purpose/Point of View -
Is it promotional or educational
material?Are there advertisements on the
website?Is this fact or opinion?
Who is the intended audience? (CRAP Test 2008)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Evaluate
Wikipedia as a
research source.
Think about …
•Currency?•Reliability?
•Authority?•Purpose?
Should you use it?
Why/Why not?
Internet
Sources
Only use
Wikipedia … •… for initial
research•…for background•…as a stepping
stoneDO NOT use it …•… as a source in an
assignment•… as your only
source on a topic•… because you’re
lazy
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Internet
Sources
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Internet
Sources
• Always be wary of any one single source (in any medium — web, print, television or radio), or of multiple works that derive from a single source.
• Where articles have references to external sources (whether online or not) read the references and check whether they really do support what the article says.
• In most academic institutions, major references to Wikipedia, along with most encyclopedias, are unacceptable for a research paper.
(Wikipedia, 2011)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Internet
Sources
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Internet
Sources
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
What have you learned?
1. There are 2 approaches to all research:
primary and secondary
2. These approaches are differentiated by the
sources of data used
3. The methods used in primary research
depend upon the data desired
4.Quantitative methods provide general,
objective, often statistical data
5.Qualitative methods provide individual,
subjective data
6. Secondary data must be carefully evaluated
7. The Internet can be a rich source of
secondary data if exploited wisely
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
REFERENCES
Collins, H 2010, Creative Research, AVA, London.
CRAP Test 2008. Retrieved 12 January 2011 from
http://loex2008collaborate.pbworks.com/w/page/18686701/The-CRAP-Test
Summers, J & Smith, B 2003, Communication skills handbook: how to
succeed in written and oral communication, 5th edn, John Wiley & Sons,
Australia.
Visocky O’Grady, K & Visocky O’Grady, J 2009, A Designer’s Research
Manual, Rockport, USA.
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Exercise – Fashion Marketing / Fashion Design
Prepare a Research Report on Fashion Trends.Key Question:Only fashion giants can dictate trends.
In groups:Part 1: Conduct secondary research (Lesson 3 - 4)- Lesson 3: Mindmap of ideas, preliminary internet searches- Lesson 4: Evaluate research sources, prepare written
portion of research report
Part 2: Conduct primary research (Lesson 5 - 6)
Part 3: Submit a short report on your findings (Lesson 9)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Exercise – Part 1
Prepare a Research Report
In groups:Part 1: Lesson 3: Create a preliminary mindmap – WH questionsDivide the work – who will look at each type of source?Conduct preliminary research – each member of the group
looking at different sources
Lesson 4: Conduct research – each member of the group looking at
different sourcesPrepare the Literature Review (summary of secondary
research)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Exercise – VC, IMD, Game Design
Prepare a Research Report Key Question:The idea of sexiness is the best way to market a product.
In groups:Part 1: Conduct secondary research (Lesson 3 - 4)- Lesson 3: Mindmap of ideas, preliminary internet searches- Lesson 4: Evaluate research sources, prepare written
portion of research report
Part 2: Conduct primary research (Lesson 5 - 6)
Part 3: Submit a short report on your findings (Lesson 9)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Exercise – Part 1
Prepare a Research Report
In groups:Part 1: Lesson 3: Create a preliminary mindmap – WH questionsDivide the work – who will look at each type of source?Conduct preliminary research – each member of the group
looking at different sources
Lesson 4: Conduct research – each member of the group looking at
different sourcesPrepare the Literature Review (summary of secondary
research)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Exercise – Interior Design
Prepare a Research Report Key Question:An evaluation of Moshe Safdie’s design of the Marina Bay
Sands.
In groups:Part 1: Conduct secondary research (Lesson 3 - 4)- Lesson 3: Mindmap of ideas, preliminary internet searches- Lesson 4: Evaluate research sources, prepare written
portion of research report
Part 2: Conduct primary research (Lesson 5 - 6)
Part 3: Submit a short report on your findings (Lesson 9)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Exercise – Part 1
Prepare a Research Report
In groups:Part 1: Lesson 3: Create a preliminary mindmap – WH questionsDivide the work – who will look at each type of source?Conduct preliminary research – each member of the group
looking at different sources
Lesson 4: Conduct research – each member of the group looking at
different sourcesPrepare the Literature Review (summary of secondary
research)
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
• What is the topic of your thesis?
• What does your research include?
• How did you choose your literature?
• Definitions
• Historical background
• What’s happening now?
• What new research / discoveries are there now?
Introduction
Body
Conclusion• Summary of the major agreements and disagreements in the literature
• Summary of general conclusions
Writing the Literature Review
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
What is the topic of your thesis?What is the topic of your thesis?What is your FOCUS?
What does your research include?What does your research include? What questions have you tried to answer?What are the research keywords you have used?
How did you choose your literature?How did you choose your literature? What sources did you use?
Introduction
Writing the Literature Review
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
DefinitionsDefinitions are there terms that need to be defined?
Historical backgroundHistorical background How far should you go back?
What’s happening now?What’s happening now?Current trends?
What new research / discoveries are What new research / discoveries are there now?there now? Show a balanced (2-sided view)
Body
Writing the Literature Review
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
ConclusionSummary of the major agreements Summary of the major agreements and disagreements in the literatureand disagreements in the literatureCompare and contrast the similarities and differences in facts and opinions of experts
Summary of general conclusionsSummary of general conclusionsSummarise the literature review. Be unbiased.
Writing the Literature Review
How much to write in total? 400 – 600 words
Lesson Three Research Methods 1
Project Step 2:Presentation 2: Research Client
• For Lesson 5:
• Prepare a 5-6 minute presentation briefly
explaining your client.
• Clients may be commercial (e.g. IKEA),
governmental (e.g. NEA) or non-governmental
organisations (e.g. Greenpeace).
• Explain how the focus relates to the client and
how the research will help the client.
• Explain and give examples to help the audience
understand.
• Detail your sources.
• Design PowerPoint slides.
next steps