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Legume Crops In Low Precipitation Areas of the
Pacific Northwest
Brian Tuck, Oregon State University Stephen Machado, Oregon State University
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No-Till, Reduced Till, Organic
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Issues
•Winter Precipitation (10-14”) – Dryland SF
•Dry Falls and Hot Dry Springs
•Limited Irrigation
•Few Alternatives – Monoculture
•Wind & Water Erosion
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Legume Rotation/Cover Crops
Impact on wheat yields
Moisture use
Nitrogen Fixation
Pest Problems
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•Costs
•Crop Value
•Moisture
•Limited Options
Issues
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Nebraska farmers. This field is an example of two rows of wheat spaced at 10 inches, leaving 20 inches for the soybean crop.
Intercropping
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Examples of IntercroppingREGION INTERCROP
North and North Central US wheat /grasses/ clover
Northwestern region, west of the Cascade Range
oats/red clover.
Southern Oregon wheat/subterranean clover
Willamette Valley in Oregon corn /sorghum for silage
South Dakota corn, soybean, and spring wheat (alternating strips)
Iowa strip-crops oats, corn, and soybean.
Nebraska corn/wheat/soybean
Parma, ID (Brown Bradford) relay cropping barley and corn
Canada corn /soybeans for silage;barley, oats , or triticale are intercropped with clover
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Legume MixesLegume Mixes(Yields, N, Soil Health)(Yields, N, Soil Health)
•Winter Peas - mixes, varieties, planting Winter Peas - mixes, varieties, planting rates, removal and grow outrates, removal and grow out
•Yield Increase - 12-33% (consistency)Yield Increase - 12-33% (consistency)
•Clovers, Hairy Vetch, Medic, Lentils…Clovers, Hairy Vetch, Medic, Lentils…
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Grain Yields of Winter Wheat Intercropped with Different Legumes,Pendleton, OR. 2007-08
Intercrop
Wh
ea
t g
rain
yie
ld (
bu
/a)
0
20
40
60
80
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Grain Yields of Winter Wheat Intercropped with Different Legumes,Moro, OR. 2007-08
Intercrop
Wh
ea
t g
rain
yie
ld (
bu
/a)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
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•N Fixation/Transfer
•Soil Microflora
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Hairy Vetch
•Adapted
•Winter Hardy
•Purple Bounty
•N Fixation - First Bloom
•Nematode, Disease
•Blends with Wheat
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Questions???
Photo by John Aeschliman