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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Legends and realities in international humanitarian
assistance
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Information sources about disasters
• Media reports and pictures within a few hours
• Therafter, aid agencies start fundraising based on these media-reports
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Disaster-criteria
• Number and needs of victims to avoid unnecessary death and suffering
• Death-rate• Spectacular pictures
Aid-agencies Media
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Reports about international disasters
• Spectacular• Exaggerated• Not representative
• Spectacular• Heroic• Advertising headlines
Media Aid-agencies
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Aid-agencies legend of relief-workers
bravestrongdecidedSacrifices himselfIs full of energy
Is a surgeon
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Reliefe-workers are condemned to be heroes by both the media and
the aid-agencies
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Good intentions are more important than
competences
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Headlines
„… victims are desperately waiting for
help….“„… each hand is needed…“
„… dead bodies are a threat of epidemics…““
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Legend
Disasters are black
Heroes are white
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
consequences
• Disasters are „made“ by the media
• There is only one disaster at a time
• Funding of relief-operations depends on media-attention
• Relief-operations are media-driven
• Unspectacular disasters are forgotten and underfunded
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Media-disaster
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Media-disaster
Spectacular relief-operations are more
important than useful ones
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
„… in other relief-operations, we always
ran out of money. After the Tsunami, we ran
out of victims….“Aid-worker; Sumatra; march 2005
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Comparison
Death-rate:
< 200.000
Injured:
Ca. 60.000
homeless:
1.500.000
Death-rate:
86.000
Injured:
Ca. 80.000
homeless:
3.500.000
TsunamiEarthquake
Kashmir
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Comparison
Donations after 4 weeks:
~ 10.000.000.000. USD
per beneficiary:
~ 6500 USD
Donations after 4 weeks:
~ 400.000.000 USD
per beneficiary:
~ 110 USD
TsunamiEarthquake
Kashmir
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Legend 1
• „…. Victims are shocked and paralysed and desperately waiting for help….“
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Realities 1
• Humanitarian assistance is started immediately after a disaster by the survivors
• 98% of lifesavings are happening in the first 48 hours after an earthquake
• External surgical teams will need at least 5 days before being operative in the field
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Example Bam/Iran
• 8 iranian sniff-dogs rescued more than 100 buried earthquake victims in the first 48 hours
• From day 3 after the disaster, more than 1500 sniff-dogs arrived from all over the world
• Number if victims rescued by all these external teams in total:
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Example Bam/Iran
Zero!!!!
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Dr. med. Richard Munz MA - IFHV - Ruhr Universität Bochum
Something to remember
• „… Humanitarian assistance is what you are doing with us, when we are in such a horrible situation, that we can not afford to refuse it…“
Rwandese refugee in Benaco-Camp/Tanzania; Mai 1994