Social Needs

lecture 4

Acquired Needs:Quasi-needs

ACQUIRED NEEDS: Social Needs

Primary Need-Activating Incentive

Table 7.2 Incentive That Activates Each Social Need’s Emotional and Behavior Potential

Achievement

Origins of the Need for Achievement

Atkinson’s Model

Ta = (Ms × Ps × Is) – (Maf × Pf × If )

Tendency to Approach Success (Ts)

Tendency to Avoid Failure (Taf)

• Ms: Motive to Success• Ps : Perceived Probability of Success• Is : Incentive Value of Success

• Maf : Motive to Avoid Failure• Pf : Perceived Probability of Failure (1- Ps)• If : Negative Incentive value for Failure (1- Is)

Dynamics-of-Action Model

Streams of Behavior for People High and Low in Ms and Maf 1. Latency to begin an achievement depends on motive strength. (Ms vs. Maf)2. Persistence on an achievement task depends on motive strength. (Ms vs. Maf)3. Switching to a nonachievement task occurs with rising consumption.

Conditions That Involve & Satisfy the Need for Achievement

Achievement Goals

Benefits of Adopting Mastery Goals

Preference for a Challenging Task One can Learn From

Adoption of aMastery Goal

Work Harder

PersistLonger

PerformBetter

Use Conceptually Based Learning StrategiesExperience Greater Intrinsic than Extrinsic MotivationMore Likely to Ask for Information & Help

(rather than a Performance Goal)

Achievement Goals in the Classroom (Ames & Archer, 1988)

Manifestations of Mastery and Performance Goals in the Classroom Context

Integrating Classical & Contemporary Approaches to Achievement Motivation

Antecedents & Consequences of the Three Achievement Goals (Elliot & Church, 1997)

Mastery goalAchievement

motivation

Performance-approach goal

Performance-avoidance goal

Competenceexpectancy

Fear of failure

Intrinsic motivation

Graded performance

.22

.26

-.34

.21

-.14

.41

.45

.31

.36

-.26

-.34

Avoidance Motivation & Well-Being

Implicit Theories

vs.

Mastery GoalsPerformance

Goals

Utility of effort:Challenging tasks

require high effort.

High effort signalsLOW ability.

ImplicitTheories

Adoption ofAchievement Goals

Meaning of Effort

AFFILIATION AND INTIMACY Profile of High Intimacy Motivation

Conditions That Involve & Satisfy the Affiliation and Intimacy Needs

Need-Involving Condition

Need-Satisfying Condition

POWER

A special variant of the need for power is the leadership motive pattern.

Leadership Motive Pattern

End of Chapter 7