Lecture 3Lecture 3
BIOL L100 BIOL L100 Indiana University SoutheastIndiana University Southeast
David Partin, InstructorDavid Partin, Instructor
Today’s Plan…Today’s Plan…
Lecture: Cell Structure & Function Lecture: Cell Structure & Function (Ch4-5)(Ch4-5)
Video clipVideo clip One-Minute PaperOne-Minute Paper LabLab
The CellThe Cell
A cell is the smallest unit of A cell is the smallest unit of livingliving matter. matter.
Don’t confuse this with: atom, Don’t confuse this with: atom, element, proton, etc.element, proton, etc.
Cell TheoryCell Theory
““Theory” is not a casual term in Theory” is not a casual term in science.science.
Tested innumerable times with Tested innumerable times with consistent results.consistent results.
Universally acceptedUniversally accepted One of the most basic, fundamental One of the most basic, fundamental
concepts in the foundation of biology.concepts in the foundation of biology.
Cell TheoryCell Theory
1800s; several scientists working 1800s; several scientists working independently had similar resultsindependently had similar results
1. All organisms are made of cells.1. All organisms are made of cells. 2. A cell is the structural & function unit 2. A cell is the structural & function unit
of organs.of organs. 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells.3. All cells come from pre-existing cells. 4. Cells are capable of self-reproduction.4. Cells are capable of self-reproduction.
Cell SizeCell Size
Types of OrganismsTypes of Organisms
Unicellular organismsUnicellular organisms Bacteria, Protists, etc.Bacteria, Protists, etc.
Multicellular organismsMulticellular organisms PlantsPlants AnimalsAnimals
Muscles, skin, nerves, liver, digestive, bones, Muscles, skin, nerves, liver, digestive, bones, blood, immune system, lungs, etc.blood, immune system, lungs, etc.
Cell Structure & FunctionCell Structure & Function
Bacteria
Cell Structure & FunctionCell Structure & FunctionTypical Plant
Cell Structure & FunctionCell Structure & FunctionGeneric Animal Cell
Cellular OrganellesCellular Organelles CytoplasmCytoplasm NucleusNucleus
Chromosomes, nuclear Chromosomes, nuclear envelope, nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, nucleoluspores, nucleolus
RibosomesRibosomes Endoplasmic reticulum Endoplasmic reticulum
(smooth & rough)(smooth & rough) Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus LysosomesLysosomes
VesiclesVesicles PeroxisomesPeroxisomes VacuolesVacuoles ChloroplastChloroplast MitochondriaMitochondria CytoskeletonCytoskeleton CentriolesCentrioles Cilia, FlagellaCilia, Flagella Plasma MembranePlasma Membrane
““Cell City” website: Cell City” website: http://www.open2.net/science/cellcity/cellcity.html
Nucleus: DNA stored here.Nucleus: DNA stored here.The Control CenterThe Control Center Nuclear
envelope: membrane surrounding the nucleus
Nuclear pores: open portals of communication between the nucleus & cytoplasm
Chromatin: condensed DNA
Chromosome: very tightly packed DNA
Nucleolus: dense region of chromatin
RibosomesRibosomes: protein factories: protein factoriesRough ERRough ER: make proteins (studded with : make proteins (studded with
ribosomes)ribosomes)Smooth ERSmooth ER: make lipids, modify proteins made in : make lipids, modify proteins made in
RERRER
Protein Production
1-receives proteins & lipids in membrane-bound vesicles 1-receives proteins & lipids in membrane-bound vesicles from ER.from ER.2-modifies those proteins & lipids.2-modifies those proteins & lipids.3-sorts and ships the proteins & lipids away in membrane-3-sorts and ships the proteins & lipids away in membrane-bound vesicles.bound vesicles.
Mitochondria & Chloroplast:Power Stations of the cell
The Endosymbiont Hypothesis
Cytoskeleton: provides structure and Support for the cell. Also provides a Scaffolding for vesicle transportation.
Specialized variations of the cytoskeleton (seen only in specific cells).
Cytoskeleton is made of these proteins…
Cell membrane (plasma membrane)
Plasma membrane is made up of
1. Mostly phospholipids
2. Proteins
3. Cholesterol
4. carbohydrates
Diffusion: movement of a substance from an
area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide DIFFUSE across the walls of blood vessels and the lining of the lungs.
Diffusion
Exocytosis = leaving the cell
Endocytosis
Time for recess!Time for recess!
What’s next?What’s next? Video clipVideo clip ““one minute paper”one minute paper” LabLab
Overview of today’s lab…Overview of today’s lab…
3 eggs, each in a different solution3 eggs, each in a different solution Distilled waterDistilled water 20% sucrose20% sucrose 40% sucrose40% sucrose
Weigh each egg before beginning the Weigh each egg before beginning the experiment, then at 20 minute intervals. experiment, then at 20 minute intervals.
Eggs represent Eggs represent cellscells. We will use these . We will use these results to explain concepts in next results to explain concepts in next week’s classes.week’s classes.
Preparation for next class:Preparation for next class:
Topics: Metabolism and Topics: Metabolism and PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis
Skim/Read Ch. 6-7Skim/Read Ch. 6-7 Focus on: Ch 6, sections 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 & Focus on: Ch 6, sections 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 &
allall section summaries, including 6.4 section summaries, including 6.4 summarysummary
Focus on: Ch 7, section 7.1, and p.119Focus on: Ch 7, section 7.1, and p.119 Look for online quizzes. Look for online quizzes.