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Capability Maturity Model
Integration
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Capability Maturity Model Integration(CMMI)is a process improvement approach whose goal is to
help organizations improve their performance. CMMIcan be used to guide process improvement across aproject, a division, or an entire organization.
CMMI in software engineering and organizationaldevelopment is a process improvement approach
that provides organizations with the essentialelements for eective process improvement. CMMIis registered in the !.". #atent and $rademar% &'ceb Carnegie Mellon !niversit.
ccording to the "oftware *ngineering Institute ("*I,
+-), CMMI helps integrate traditionall separateorganizational functions, set process improvementgoals and priorities, provide guidance for /ualitprocesses, and provide a point of reference forappraising current processes.
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CMM developed by the Software EngineeringInstitute to helporganizations which develop software
to improve their software processes
organizations which acquire softwareto assess the quality of their contractors
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Immature organizationprocesses are improvised during the course of a
proect to resolve unanticipated crisesproducts often delivered late and their quality
is questionable Mature organization
organization!wide standard approach tosoftware processes" #nown and accepted by all
engineers focus on continuous improvement both in
performance and product quality
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The organization
Does not have an environment for developing and
maintaining software.
At the time of crises, projects usually stop using allplanned procedures and revert to coding and testing.
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Effective management process having establishedwhich can be
Practiced
DocumentedEnforced
Trained
Measured
mprovised
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!tandard defined software engineering and managementprocess for developing and maintaining software.
These processes are put together to ma"e a coherentwhole.
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#uantitative goals set for both software products andprocesses.
The organi$ational measurement plan involvesdetermining the productivity and %uality for all importantsoftware process activities across all projects.
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Emphasis laid on
Process improvement
Tools to identify wea"nesses e&isting in their processes
Ma"e timely corrections
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Organizational Innovation and DeploymentCausal Analysis and Resolution5 Optimizing
4 QuantitativelyManaged
3 Defined
2 Managed
ContinuousProcess
Improvement
QuantitativeManagement
ProcessStandardization
BasicProjectManagement
Organizational ro!ess erforman!eQuantitative ro"e!t Management
Re#uirements Development$e!%ni!al &olutionrodu!t Integration'erifi!ation'alidation
Organizational ro!ess (o!usOrganizational ro!ess DefinitionOrganizational $rainingIntegrated ro"e!t Management for IDRis) ManagementIntegrated $eamingIntegrated &upplier ManagementDe!ision Analysis and ResolutionOrganizational *nvironment for Integration
Re#uirements Managementro"e!t lanningro"e!t Monitoring and Control&upplier Agreement ManagementMeasurement and Analysisro!ess and rodu!t Quality Assuran!eConfiguration Management
Quality
rodu!tivity
Ris)+
Re,or)
- Initial
ro!ess Areas.evel (o!us
None
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C&C&M& is one of the most widel usedsoftware estimation models in the world
It was developed b 0arr 0oehm in 12-1
C&C&M& predicts the eort and schedule
for a software product developmentbased on inputs relating to the size ofthe software and a number of costdriversthat aect productivit
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C%C%M% has three different models thatreflect the complexity&
the 0asic Model
the Intermediate Model
and the 3etailed Model
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Organic Mode4 5elativel small, simple software projects4 Small teams with good application
experience wor% to a set of less than rigidre/uirements
4 Similarto the previousl developed projects4 relativel smalland re/uires little innovation
Semidetached Mode4 Intermediate (in size and comple6it)
software projects in which teams withmixed experiencelevels must meet ami6 of rigid and less than rigidre/uirements.
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Embedded Mode
4"oftware projects that mustbe developed within a set oftight hardware,
software, and operationalconstraints.
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#rimar cost driver is the number ofDelivered Source Instructions(3"I) 7 Delivered ine Of Codedeveloped b the project
C&C&M& estimates assume that theproject will enjo good managementb both the developer and thecustomer
ssumes the re/uirements speci8cationis not substantially changed afterthe plans and re/uirements phase
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0asic C&C&M& is good for !uic"#early# rough order of magnitudeestimatesof software costs
It does not account for dierences inhardware constraints# personnel!uality and experience, use ofmodern tools and techni/ues, andother project attributes %nown tohave a signi8cant in9uence onsoftware costs, which limits itsaccuracy
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*:ab(;
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Software pro'ect ab bbcb db
&rganic +.> 1.?+.? .@-
"emi=detached @. 1.1++.? .@?
*mbedded @.A 1.++.? .@+
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Mode Effort Schedule
Organic E=2.4*(KDSI)-/05
TDEV=2.5*(E)0/31
Semidetached E=3.0*(KDSI)-/-2
TDEV=2.5*(E)0/35
Emedded E=3.!*(KDSI)-/20
TDEV=2.5*(E)0/32
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Its accurac is necessaril limitedbecause of its lac" of factorswhich
have a signi8cant in9uence onsoftware costs
$he 0asic C&C&M& estimates arewithin a factor of ()*onl +,-of thetime, and within a factor of + onl./-of the time
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Be have determined our project 8ts thecharacteristics of Semi0Detachedmode
Be estimate our project will have *+#///3elivered "ource Instructions. !sing the
formulas, we can estimate
E1ort: @.D(@+) ()(+ : 1>A man=months
Schedule: +.?D(1>A)/)*2
: 1> months &roductivity : @+, 3"I 7 1>A MM
: +12 3"I7MM 3verage Sta4ng : 1>A MM 71> months
: 1 E"#
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Software engineering tools consisted solelyof translators" compilers" assemblers"
lin#ers" loaders" etc' ( the software )EE*E*to build code'
Computers weren+t powerful enough or
advanced yet to support higher!levelfunctioning
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Software engineering often follows specificstandardized methods
,here are lots of diagrams anddocumentation involved
So now computers can be used to deal with
the higher!level aspects of softwareengineering
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5hat is a C3SE Environment6
C"* is the use of computer=basedsupport in the software development
process.
5hat is a C3SE 7ool6
C"* tool is a computer=based
product aimed at supporting one ormore software engineering activitieswithin a software developmentprocess.
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"uppl basic functionalit, do routine tas%sautomaticall 0e able to support editing of code in the particular
programming language, suppl refactoring tools
*nhance productivit Fenerate code pieces automaticall
Increase software /ualit
Intuitive use
Integration with other tools Eor e6ample, code editor wor%s with code repositor
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#roject management software
"stem design tools
Code storage Compilers
$ranslation tools
$est software
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Code generation tools (Gisual"tudio .H*$)
Code analsis (0orland udits)
3evelopment of data models(!M< editors)
Cleaning up code (refactoringtools)
0ug trac%er
Gersion control (CG", etc.)
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C"* tools do more than justoutput code
Can be used to generate "*
documents3atabase schema
3ata 9ow diagrams
*ntit relationship diagrams#rogram speci8cations
!ser documentation
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!pper C3SE $ools for the analsisand design phase of the softwaredevelopment lifeccle
(diagramming tools, report andform generators, analsis tools)