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Learning Log
What are the 3 types of fishes?
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Answer
-Bony Fishes
-Jawless Fishes
-Cartilaginous Fishes
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Chapter 3 Section 2
Types of Fishes:Jawless, Cartilaginous, Bony
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3 Main Groups
Jawless Cartilaginous Bony Organized into groups based on:
- structures of their mouths
- types of skeletons
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Characteristics of Jawless Fishes
No jaw, No scales Mouths contain structures for
scraping, stabbing and sucking their food
Skeleton is made of cartilage
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Examples of Jawless Fishes
Hagfishes and lampreys – only kind that exist today
Hagfishes: look like large, slimy worms
Lampreys: many are parasites of other fishes
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Characteristics of Cartilaginous Fishes
Have jaws and scalesSkeleton is made of cartilage3 Major Groups:
- Sharks-Skates-Rays
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Sharks
All sharks, except the bull shark, live in salt water
Range in length from 15 cm to ~20 meters Paired Fins – Help change direction as it swims Swim constantly to take in oxygen for respiration Many are predators/meat eaters – feed on squid Excellent sense of smell – 1 drop of blood per
25 gallons Can sense lateral movement in water using a
series of pits called the lateral line on its sides
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Rays and Skates
Flat, wide bodies, long thin tails Pectoral fins on their sides – look like
wings Obtain oxygen by swimming in water,
which moves over their gills Take in water through a pair of openings
called spiracles Generally harmless, some have sharp
poisonous tail spines for defense; Stepping on or touching one of these rays or skates could be dangerous
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Characteristics of Bony Fishes
Bony Fishes make up ~95% of all fish species
Have jaws and scales Have a pocket on each side of the head that
holds the gills – Gill pockets are covered by a flap that opens to release water
Skeleton is made of hard bones Live in salt and fresh water Live at dark depths and light-filled waters
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Major Structures of a Bony Fish
Scales Fins for balance Tail fin Swim Bladder: internal, gas filled sack that
helps the fish stay stable at different depths in the water
-Adjusting gas levels allow the fish to stay at a depth without using a lot of energy