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Climate Smart Agriculture for Food, Energy and Ecosystem Service

Bhim Bahadur Ghaley

John Roy Porter

Department of Agriculture and Ecology Faculty of Life Sciences

University of Copenhagen

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Combined Food and Energy system (CFE)

!   Objectives !   Multifunctional cropping system !   Organic management !   Integrated production of food, energy and ecosystem serbvice !   Fossil energy neutral agro-ecosystem

•  Components of CFE •  Food – wheat/barley/oat •  Fodder – Clover with rye grass •  Trees - willow/alder/hazel nut

•  Area coverage is 11.1 hectare •  10.1 hectare of food/fodder •  1 hectare of biomass/biofuel belts

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Birds eye view of the CFE system

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Sustainability evaluation Biomass belts

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Yield trends in CFE over time (2002-2011)

0

4

8

Kg

gra

in (

x10

3) h

a-1

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Years

Spring barley winter wheat

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140

150

160

170

CurrentLand use scenarios in EU 25

Net

eco

syst

em s

ervi

ce

valu

e (U

SD

x10

9)

Economic Values of Ecosystem Services Ecosystem services

USD ha-1 y -1

Biological pest control

7

Nitrogen fixation/ mineralisation

294

Soil formation 13

Food and fodder production

329

Biomass production

60

Carbon accumulation

34

Hydrological flow

77

Aesthetics 213

Pollination 47

Total value 1074 NMV/ESV 0.64

CFE

10%

20%

30%

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Share of emergy sources in CFE and wheat

0

40

80

120

Renewable Non-renewable Purchased

Emergy sources

Sej h

a-1y-1

(x10

14)

Wheat CFE

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0

15

30

% Renewable ELR EFR

Emergy indices

wheat

CFE

0.0

0.5

1.0

ESI

ELR = Environmental loading ratioESI = Environmental sustainability index EFR = Emergy footprint ratio

Sustainability evaluation

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Take-home messages

€  Ecosystem services are integral to the ecological sustainability and the economic prosperity

€  Conventional human ‘engineered’ ecosystems have resulted in adverse impacts on the ecosystems

€  A renewed perspective towards a sustainable society

€  Need for holistic accounting for economic, social and ecological costs

€  CFE-system has potential to produce food, fodder & energy sustainably