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LAW ENFORCEMENTLAW ENFORCEMENTINTELLIGENCE DEFINEDINTELLIGENCE DEFINED
Law enforcement intelligence is the Law enforcement intelligence is the end productend product of an of an analytic processanalytic process
It includes the collection and It includes the collection and assessmentassessment of information about of information about crimes and/or criminal enterprises crimes and/or criminal enterprises
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NATIONAL SECURITYNATIONAL SECURITYINTELLIGENCE DEFINEDINTELLIGENCE DEFINED
National security intelligence is the National security intelligence is the end end productproduct of an of an analytic processanalytic process
Concerned with the relationship of the Concerned with the relationship of the United States with foreign powers, United States with foreign powers, organizations, and personsorganizations, and persons
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IS ALL INFORMATION IS ALL INFORMATION INTELLIGENCE?INTELLIGENCE?
No!No! Until information is Until information is processedprocessed or or
analyzedanalyzed it is simply data that may or it is simply data that may or may not be true, insightful, or relevantmay not be true, insightful, or relevant
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INFORMATIONINFORMATIONPASSIVEPASSIVE
INTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCE
PROACTIVEPROACTIVE >> Forecasting Forecasting>> Correlations Correlations>> Offer Offer SuppositionsSuppositions>> Direct an Direct an InvestigationInvestigation or Inquiryor Inquiry
InformationInformationSimply AwaitsSimply Awaits
AccessAccess
ANALYTIC PROCESSESANALYTIC PROCESSES
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THE GOALS OF THE GOALS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT LAW ENFORCEMENT
INTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCE Locate Locate evidenceevidence Identify Identify contrabandcontraband Direct the Direct the allocation of resourcesallocation of resources
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INTELLIGENCE IS CONCERNED WITHINTELLIGENCE IS CONCERNED WITH……
CrimeCrime
InvestigationInvestigation
ApprehensionApprehension
ProsecutionProsecution
Service toService toInvestigatorsInvestigators
ProjectionsProjectionsof Futureof Future
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IS INTELLIGENCE USED IN IS INTELLIGENCE USED IN EVERY CRIMINAL EVERY CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION?INVESTIGATION?
NoNo Intelligence is used in serious or Intelligence is used in serious or
complex casescomplex cases Intelligence may result in the Intelligence may result in the
initiation of an investigationinitiation of an investigation
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CaseCaseArchaeologyArchaeology
CaseCaseProgressionProgression
CASE PATHOLOGYCASE PATHOLOGY
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IntelligenceIntelligenceInitializationInitialization
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EQUITYEQUITY Equitable enforcement of the law Equitable enforcement of the law Equal treatment under the Constitution Equal treatment under the Constitution Equitable distribution of police services Equitable distribution of police services and and resources resources
EFFECTIVENESSEFFECTIVENESS Accomplishing your goalsAccomplishing your goals Achieving planned and desired resultsAchieving planned and desired results
EFFICIENCYEFFICIENCY Not wasting resources Not wasting resources Providing “good value for money” Providing “good value for money”
CORNERSTONES OFCORNERSTONES OFINTELLIGENCE OPERATIONSINTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS
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Obtaining andObtaining andIntegrating InformationIntegrating Information
Obtaining andObtaining andIntegrating InformationIntegrating Information
ROLES OF LAW ENFORCEMENTROLES OF LAW ENFORCEMENTINTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCE
Identifying CrimesIdentifying Crimesand Crime Trendsand Crime Trends
Identifying CrimesIdentifying Crimesand Crime Trendsand Crime Trends
IdentifyingIdentifyingCriminalsCriminals
IdentifyingIdentifyingCriminalsCriminals
DevelopingDevelopingCasesCases
DevelopingDevelopingCasesCases
ProvidingProvidingInvestigative SupportInvestigative Support
ProvidingProvidingInvestigative SupportInvestigative Support
ProjectingProjectingCrime TrendsCrime Trends
ProjectingProjectingCrime TrendsCrime Trends
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SCOPE OF ANALYTIC ACTIVITYSCOPE OF ANALYTIC ACTIVITY
Macro-IntelligenceMacro-Intelligence Micro-IntelligenceMicro-Intelligence
CLASSIFICATIONS OF LAWINTCLASSIFICATIONS OF LAWINT
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SCOPE OF ANALYTIC ACTIVITYSCOPE OF ANALYTIC ACTIVITY
Macro-IntelligenceMacro-Intelligence Micro-IntelligenceMicro-Intelligence
CRIMINAL CASE RESPONSIBILITYCRIMINAL CASE RESPONSIBILITY
GeneralGeneral SpecializedSpecialized
CLASSIFICATIONS OF LAWINTCLASSIFICATIONS OF LAWINT
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SCOPE OF ANALYTIC ACTIVITYSCOPE OF ANALYTIC ACTIVITY
Macro-IntelligenceMacro-Intelligence Micro-IntelligenceMicro-Intelligence
CRIMINAL CASE RESPONSIBILITYCRIMINAL CASE RESPONSIBILITY
INTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONSINTELLIGENCE APPLICATIONS
GeneralGeneral SpecializedSpecialized
TacticalTactical OperationalOperational
StrategicStrategic
CLASSIFICATIONS OF LAWINTCLASSIFICATIONS OF LAWINT
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LAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCELAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCE
NATIONAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCENATIONAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCE
CrimeCrimeDrivenDriven
CrimeCrimeDrivenDriven
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LAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCELAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCE
NATIONAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCENATIONAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCE
CrimeCrimeDrivenDriven
CrimeCrimeDrivenDriven
ConstitutionalConstitutionalRigidityRigidity
ConstitutionalConstitutionalRigidityRigidity
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LAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCELAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCE
NATIONAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCENATIONAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCE
CrimeCrimeDrivenDriven
CrimeCrimeDrivenDriven
JudicialJudicialScrutinyScrutiny
JudicialJudicialScrutinyScrutiny
ConstitutionalConstitutionalRigidityRigidity
ConstitutionalConstitutionalRigidityRigidity
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LAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCELAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCE
NATIONAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCENATIONAL SECURITY INTELLIGENCE
CrimeCrimeDrivenDriven
CrimeCrimeDrivenDriven
PresidentialPresidentialPolicy DrivenPolicy Driven
PresidentialPresidentialPolicy DrivenPolicy Driven
JudicialJudicialScrutinyScrutiny
JudicialJudicialScrutinyScrutiny
ConstitutionalConstitutionalRigidityRigidity
ConstitutionalConstitutionalRigidityRigidity
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Public demand for police services, particularly 911 Public demand for police services, particularly 911 rapid-response services, is largely out of police rapid-response services, is largely out of police control, thereby limiting abilities to do other work.control, thereby limiting abilities to do other work.
Police department resources are, in the main, already Police department resources are, in the main, already deployed to best advantage, efficiently and effectively.deployed to best advantage, efficiently and effectively.
Intelligence is a discretionary “add on” to the core job Intelligence is a discretionary “add on” to the core job of policing.of policing.
Intelligence is a risky enterprise that is largely Intelligence is a risky enterprise that is largely inefficient and “borders on the edge of unlawfulness.”inefficient and “borders on the edge of unlawfulness.”
POPULAR MYTHS ABOUT POPULAR MYTHS ABOUT LAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCELAW ENFORCEMENT INTELLIGENCE
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THE IMPACT OF 09-11-01THE IMPACT OF 09-11-01 ON LAW ENFORCEMENT ON LAW ENFORCEMENT
INTELLIGENCEINTELLIGENCE Executive Office of Homeland Executive Office of Homeland
SecuritySecurity USA Patriot Act of 2001USA Patriot Act of 2001
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Need and Value of IntelligenceNot Recognized
Limited Body of ResearchKnowledge in Law Enforcement
Intelligence as a ManagementResource Not Recognized
Paramilitary/Bureaucratic PoliceStructure Inhibits Intelligence
Law Enforcement is UsuallyReactive—Intelligence is Proactive
Intelligence is Multidisciplinary—Policing Is Largely Unidisciplinary
Past Abuses of Intelligence Make Police Defensive
REASONSPOLICEHAVEBEEN
RELUCTANTTO
CREATEFULL-
SERVICEINTELUNITs
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MANAGEMENT ISSUESMANAGEMENT ISSUES
Unity of CommandUnity of Command– Balancing competing interestsBalancing competing interests– Political considerationsPolitical considerations
StaffingStaffing– Mixture of sworn and civilian employeesMixture of sworn and civilian employees– Role of civilians as advisors to sworn officersRole of civilians as advisors to sworn officers
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ADVANTAGES OF CIVILIAN ADVANTAGES OF CIVILIAN INTELLIGENCE ANALYSTSINTELLIGENCE ANALYSTS
Characteristics, background, and Characteristics, background, and education education
““Street” experience may narrow an Street” experience may narrow an analyst’s viewanalyst’s view
Longevity in the unitLongevity in the unit Analysts do not require law Analysts do not require law
enforcement authorityenforcement authority
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DISADVANTAGES OF DISADVANTAGES OF CIVILIAN ANALYSTSCIVILIAN ANALYSTS
Lack of mobilityLack of mobility Relationship to officersRelationship to officers
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THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLETHE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE
An organized process by which An organized process by which information is gathered, information is gathered, assessed, and distributed in assessed, and distributed in order to fulfill the goals of the order to fulfill the goals of the intelligence functionintelligence function
It is a method of performing It is a method of performing analytic activities and placing analytic activities and placing the analysis in a usable form.the analysis in a usable form.
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THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLETHE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE
RequirementRequirement CollectionCollection EvaluationEvaluation CollationCollation AnalysisAnalysis ReportingReporting DisseminationDissemination
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COLLECTIONCOLLECTION
OvertOvertSourcesSources
InformationInformationSegregationSegregation
Source ReliabilitySource Reliability
InformationInformation Validity Validity
EVALUATIONEVALUATION
COLLATIONCOLLATION
CovertCovertSourcesSources
Index &Index &StorageStorage
ANALYSISANALYSIS
ConclusionsConclusions
PredictionsPredictions
EstimatesEstimates REPORTINGREPORTING
TacticalTactical
StrategicStrategicPeriodicPeriodic
DISSEMINATIONDISSEMINATION
RoutineRoutineDistributionDistribution
Response toResponse toRequestsRequests
FEEDBACKFEEDBACKANDAND
RE-EVALUATIONRE-EVALUATION
The Intelligence Cycle