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Grab Bag of Comprehension Strategies
Prepared by Elizabeth H. Allen, M.Ed., NBCT
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Strategies from:
• Laura RobbJeff Zwiers•Cris Tovani•Kyleen BeersJeffrey D. WilhelmElizabeth H. Allen
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Building Conceptsby Laura Robb
Purpose: To help students understand concepts when they have little to no background knowledge
Text: Narrative/Expository
When to use: Before, during, after reading
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CATAPULTJeff Zwier
Purpose: A prereading activity, CATAPULT = covers, author, title, audience, page, underlying message or purpose, visuals, and time
Text: Narrative
When: before reading
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CATAPULT
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CATAPULT Bookmarks
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Cause & Effect Graphic Organizerby Jeff Zwiers
Purpose: to determine the sequence of events in a story or historical account; to infer the causes of events
Text: Narrative or Expository
When: before, during and after reading
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Cause and Effect Timeline
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Comprehension Collaborationby Elizabeth H. Allen
Purpose: To guide students to become independent of the teacher; to read closely
Text: Narrative or expository
When: before, during, after
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Double-Entry Diary, So What?By Cris Tovani
Purpose: access tool to help students hole their thinking and analyze quality of thought
Text: narrative or expository
When: during reading
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Double Entry Diary, So What?
In the left hand column, write the direct quote (passage or sentence) from the book with the page number that provoked some thought. In the middle column write your connection, question, prediction, what the quote reminded you of that you already know, what you visualized, a comment or an opinion. As you continue, be sure to use different thoughts. In the right hand column, explain how your thought helped you to understand the quote and the text better. If it didn’t help with your understanding, then it needs to be removed. Leave a space or draw a line under each section you write.
Write your quote Write your thought So what? How does this help
you understand?
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Four Box Comprehensorby Elizabeth H. Allen
Purpose: to deepen comprehension; to help students think about their thinking
Text: narrative or expository
When: during and after reading
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Write a short summary of what you have read so far: In the inside circle draw something you visualized as you were reading. In the outside circle write connections you can make to your reading.
If you could text the author right now, what would you say to him or her? Remember to be polite and respectful. Explain your thinking, but since you’re texting you can use your texting shorthand.
As the illustrator, draw a picture that you would insert into the book some place. Be sure to have the picture reflect a section that you have already read. At the bottom, write the page number of where the picture should go in the book.
Four Box Comprehensor
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Four Box Wonderby Elizabeth H. Allen
Purpose: to deepen comprehension and help students think about their thinking
Text: narrative
When: during reading
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Give One-Get Oneby Jeff Zwiers
Purpose: uses students socialness to tap into and build background knowledge. Similar to a brainstorming session but with a more communicative twist
Text: narrative and expository
When: before reading
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Hot Seatby Jeffrey D. Wilhelm
Purpose: to deepen comprehension. This strategy includes open ended questioning, fun, and differentiates all at the same time!
Text: narrative or expository
When: after reading
Tip – teach QAR questions and what open ended questions are first
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Image Inference and Predictionby Jeff Zwiers
Purpose: This is a visual way to train students’ brains to use evidence in order to make logical inferences. This habit then transfers over to reading as students use evidence from the text (and pictures) and combine it with background knowledge.
Text: narrative and expository
When: before reading
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Inference Advertisementsby Jeff Zwiers
Purpose: to identify how authors try to influence readers
Text: advertisements
When: before, during, after
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Is Says, I Say, and Soby Kyleen Beers
Purpose: inferencing: a visual scaffolding to help students organize thoughts connecting text and prior knowledge
Text: expository
When: before, during, after
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Question It Says I Say And So
It Says – I Say – And So
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Main Idea Memory Storageby Jeff Zwiers
Purpose: visual and kinesthetic simplification of the active thinking we use to comprehend; based on research by Marzano.
Text: narrative or expository
When: during reading
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Mantle of the Expertby Jeffrey D. Wilhelm
Purpose: deepens comprehension through enactments (Multiple Intelligences)
Text: narrative and expository
When: before, during and/or after reading
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Prediction Basketballby Jeff Zwiers
Purpose: This is a kinesthetic and cooperative activity that puts a little more fun into making predictions. It also can be used for other comprehension habits as a way of mixing up answers and creating random participation.
Text: narrative or expository
When: before reading
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Prediction Chartby Jeff Zwiers
Purpose: This activity is helpful for teaching students to use good evidence for making predictions. It breaks down the process and shows students how prediction should naturally happen in the brain while reading.
Text: narrative or expository
When: before reading
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Prediction Chart
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Sorry, I Lost My Headingsby Jeff Zwiers
Purpose: This activity encourages students to read text sections and generate a tentative heading or subheading for a section’s information. It also gives effective practice for text-marking and note-taking.
Text: Expository
When: during reading
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Tableauxby Jeffrey D. Wilhelm
Purpose: requires students to choose and represent key details, see relationships and patterns across details and scenes, and summarize the whole coherence of ideas presented through a particular text segment.
Text: narrative or expository
When: during, after reading
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THIEVESby Jeff Zwiers
Purpose: It is a way to get students to build extensive knowledge of the text even before they read the first ‘normal’ words of a chapter. (Adapted from Marzano 2002)
Text: expository
When: before reading
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Why, Why, Why Chartby Jeff Zwiers
Purpose: to develop the habit of setting a purpose for the reading beyond “the teacher told me to read it”.
Text: narrative or expository
When: before reading