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Last Trends in Architecture
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Introduction
• Since mid 20th century Architecture has experience great change.
• The increasing interest in urban planning– not only involves the construction of the buildings
themselves, but – it also asked for its inclusion in an area and in
consonance with deep studies of their physical, social and economic impact.
• The development of new and revolutionary materials has made possible the creation of some buildings that in a recent past would have been unthinkable.
Innovative Architecture
• It combines the imagination of the architects and engineers with the aesthetic impact of materials such as reinforced concrete.
• Structural solutions are revolutionary and, in addition to use industrial materials– they created sophisticates
spaces through the distribution of light and
– the use of materials not frequent in architecture, underlining their tactile qualities.
Innovative Architecture
• The pioneer of this architecture would be Alvar Aalto. Other architects working in this way are Eero Saarinen, Nervi, Utzon or Kahn.
• Their sign of identity is the use of industrial material to solve difficult structural problems.
International Style
• It has its roots in the works of the Bauhaus and it developed in the US thanks to the influence of Mies van der Rohe and his disciples.
• It is well suited to large metropolitan apartment and office towers.
• These building proved to have a commercial potential and were extremely efficient for large-scale construction in which the module could be repeated indefinitely.
International Style
• Inner spaces became standardized, predictable, and profitable and exterior reflected the monotony of the interiors.
• The blank glass box became ubiquitous.
• These buildings are considered examples of an austere classicism, but also coldly impersonal.
• Architects working in this style are Stirling, Kenzo Tange, or Philip Johnson.
Post-modern Architecture
• Between about 1965 and 1980 architects and critics began to espouse tendencies resulting in a style that is not cohesive but that has a distinct set of principles.
• Postmodernists value– individuality, – intimacy, – complexity and – occasionally even humour.
Post-modern Architecture
• Some architects, such as Venturi, defended an architecture that can produce any kind of buildings, ( filling stations or fast-food restaurants).
• Some works have references to old style and can use vivid colours.
• Other architects of this movement are Graves, Meier, Jahn or Moore.
High-Tech
• The High-Tech style came to prominence in the 1970s and 1980s.• Representatives of this movement are the architects Richard
Rogers, Renzo Piano and Norman Foster. • Its origins lie in the 19th century when new industrial techniques and
materials, previously used on engineering projects such as bridges, began to be applied to architecture.
High-Tech• High-Tech buildings
– are typically constructed of steel and glass,
– make innovative use of technology and are often likened in appearance to the machines
– draw attention to structural and functional elements.
• Postmodernism is not the major strand in the most recent avant-garde architecture.
• High-Tech makes expressive use of the constructional and operational aspects of a building, with features such as supporting members or heating pipes fully exposed to view.
Deconstructivism
• Deconstructivism is the term used to characterize buildings in which elements such as – fractured forms or– warped planes
undermine conventional notions of stability and harmony.
Deconstructivism
• The works of Frank Gehry or Zaha Hadid can be considered good examples of this style.