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Laboratory test standards for assessment of rail fastening
system performance
David Rhodes, PhD - Pandrol Ltd., UKBob Coats, P.E. - Pandrol USA
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Rail Fastening System Qualification Tests
Europe – CEN (EN 13481-2)Japan – Railway Technical Research
Institute (RTRI)North America – AREMA (Ch. 30) Global Influence (Australia, Africa + others)
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TEST CEN AREMA Subject No.Longitudinal Rail Restraint Yes Yes 2Torsion Yes Yes 4Attenuation of impact loads Yes Yes 3Repeated Load Test Yes Yes 5Electrical Resistance Yes Yes 1Severe (Corrosive) Environments Yes NoWet & Abrasive Environments No Yes 5Clamping Force Yes Yes 2Insert Pullout Yes YesRail Pad Dynamic Stiffness Yes NoVertical Stiffness Yes Yes 3Lateral Restraint No YesRail Uplift No YesDimensional Assessment Yes No
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Electrical Testing
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Electrical Test Requirements
CEN: 5 kΩ Resistance minimum After water spray, corrected for resistivity
AREMA: 10 kΩ Impedance minimum After submerged soak
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Clamping Force (of rail clips)
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Determination of Clamping Force BS EN 13146-7:2002
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Longitudinal Restraint
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Determination of Longitudinal Rail Restraint BS EN 13146-1:2002
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Longitudinal Restraint
CEN: Pull to slip, 7 kN (1,574 lb.) minimum AREMA: 2,400 lb. (10.7 kN) without slip
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Vertical Stiffness
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Determination of Vertical Stiffness BS EN 13146-4:2002
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Determination of Attenuation of Impact loads EN 13146-3:2002
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Torsion
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Determination of Torsional Resistance BS EN 13146-2:2002
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Repeated Load Test
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Repeated Load Test - PurposePre Repeated Load Test Series
Clamping ForceLongitudinal Rail Restraint
Vertical Stiffness
Repeated Load Test
Post Repeated Load Test SeriesClamping Force
Longitudinal Rail RestraintVertical Stiffness
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Repeated Load Test – Track Data
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Goal: Match Repeated Load Test to Rail LifeRail Life in Track? Track MGT per Year 10 50 100 150 250 300Years to 3 BGT 300 60 30 20 12 10Years to 1 BGT 100 20 10 6.7 4 3.3
Laboratory TestCalculating number of test cycles to correspond to 3 BGT / MGT
Car Weight 26200028600
031500
0Axle Load 65500 71500 78750Wheel Load 32750 35750 39375Railseat Load 16375 17875 19688(assuming 1/2 wheel load on railseat)
In theory, four 20 kip load cycles equates to one 315,000 lb. carOne MGT equates to 6349cars or 25397cycles
Three BGT equates to76190
476cycles or76.2 million cycles
Repeated Load testing at 3.5 Hz,21768
707seconds of testing is required
6047hours 252days 36weeks8.4Months running 24/7
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136RE 20kip Lateral LoadTypical Rail Clip Loads
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136RE 20kip Lateral LoadTypical Rail Clip Loads
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136RE 20kip Lateral LoadTypical Rail Clip Loads
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Instructions for the Cyclic Loading on an Assembly EN 13146-4:2002
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Instructions for the Cyclic Loading on an Assembly EN 13146-4:2002
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Repeated Load test to RTRI Standards
(Japan)
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AREMA CEN
Fmax (2)Kips (kN)
Fmin Angle α Deg
L / V Ratio
FmaxKips (kN)
Fmin Angle α Deg
L / V Ratio
Light Rail 12 (55) 1 (5) 38.6 0.80Gen Freight / Transit 30 (133) -3.3 (15) 20 17 (75) 1 (5) 33 0.65Heavy Haul 32.5 (145) 1 kip
lateral27.5 0.52 19 (83) 1 (5) 33 0.65
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Laboratory test standards for assessment of rail fastening
system performance
David Rhodes, PhD - Pandrol Ltd., UKBob Coats, P.E. - Pandrol USA