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LABORATORY SAFETY
Charles MulcahyHealth, Safety and Risk ManagerFaculty of Medicine (Room 1411)
[email protected] http://www.medicine.uottawa.ca/ehss-spe/eng/
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Course Outline
• Responsibilities
• Pre-Planning
• Assessing Hazards and Risks
• Working with Hazardous Materials
• Laboratory Equipment
• Emergency Procedures
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Why Lab Safety?
• Legal Reasons• Moral Reasons
• Legal Reasons• Moral Reasons
The person best prepared to choosewill know the likely outcome.The person best prepared to choosewill know the likely outcome.
ChoicesChoices
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Ask Questions/Read procedures
• Why???
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• National Workers’ Compensation statistics, from 2010:– 249,947 lost-time injuries1
– 1,014 work related fatalities2
– Nearly 3 work related deaths per day1 http://awcbc.org/common/assets/nwisptables/lti_summary_jurisdiction.pdf
2 http://awcbc.org/common/assets/nwisptables/fat_summary_jurisdiction.pdf
• Ontario– 80 863 lost-time injuries– 384 work related fatalities– 100 traumatic fatalities (WSIB Road to Zero)
– >1 work related death per day– Total financial impact to the Canadian economy >$9 billion
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Research employee injuries, 1993 - 1997*
The most common serious injuries: cuts due to careless use of razor blades.
. Source: Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Office of Laboratory Safety. All reported injuries are shown, without regard to severity
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RGN accidents/incidents 2008
Involving Animals, 1, 2%
Needle Stick, 5, 9%
Odour, 0, 0%
Puncture Injuries, 1, 2%
Slips / Falls, 10, 18%
Injury (human error, by another individual), 18, 32%
Fires / Fire Alarms, 3, 5%
Eye Injury / Exposure, 2, 4%
Electrical, 0, 0%
Cuts / Lacerations, 8, 15%
Concern / Complaint, 3, 5%
Chemical Spills, 2, 4%
Chemical Exposure / Contact, 2, 4%Burns, 0, 0%
Burns
Chemical Exposure / Contact
Chemical Spills
Concern / Complaint
Cuts / Lacerations
Electrical
Eye Injury / Exposure
Fires / Fire Alarms
Injury (human error, by anotherindividual)Involving Animals
Needle Stick
Odour
Puncture Injuries
Slips / Falls
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The University Safety Policies
The University of Ottawa recognizes its legal and moral responsibilities in health and safety for the University community by ensuring sound and safe conditions in all its activities.
The University of Ottawa recognizes its legal and moral responsibilities in health and safety for the University community by ensuring sound and safe conditions in all its activities.
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY Policy 77
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY Policy 77
http://www.uottawa.ca/sec-univ/pol.htmhttp://www.uottawa.ca/sec-univ/pol.htm
The purpose of this Policy is to ensure that the University fulfils its legal obligations for the protection of the environment, through the appropriate assignment of responsibilities throughout the University, and establishment of directives, procedures and standards.
The purpose of this Policy is to ensure that the University fulfils its legal obligations for the protection of the environment, through the appropriate assignment of responsibilities throughout the University, and establishment of directives, procedures and standards.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Policy 91ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Policy 91
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Responsibility and Accountability
PresidentPresident
Senior ManagersDeans and ChairsSenior ManagersDeans and Chairs
SupervisorsPrincipal Investigators
SupervisorsPrincipal Investigators
Laboratory WorkersSupport Staff, Graduate Students,
Undergraduate Students
Laboratory WorkersSupport Staff, Graduate Students,
Undergraduate Students
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Occupational Health & Safety Committees
• U of O has a University Committee with 3 sectoral committees (Smyth Rd Committee)
• Performs safety inspections• Reviews accident & incident reports and follows
up on any corrective actions as needed• Works with supervisors and employees to
promote safety & health issues• Reviews safety program
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Pre-Planning Experiments
• Identify ALL hazards
• Ensure all safety equipment available, and maintained
• Follow preplanned work procedures
• No substitution without thorough review (Supervisor)
• Develop an Attitude of Safety Awareness
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Four question to answer
• What are the hazards?• What are the worst things that could
happen?• What do I need to do to be prepared?• What are the prudent practices, protective
facilities/equipment, and personal protective equipment needed to minimize the risk?
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Before any work, you must know
• Properties of materials & agents and their prescribed safety procedures
• Be familiar with operating procedures for ALL equipment used
• Emergency spill procedures, use of adsorbents and disinfectants
• Designated escape routes (know alternate)• Location of fire ext., eye wash, shower, first aid,
and spill kits
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Assessing Hazards and Risks
• Risk due to hazardous materials
• Physical Hazards
– electrical
– mechanical
– temperature
– electromagnetic fields
• Biohazards
• Hazards from Radioactivity
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Risks due to Hazardous Materials
• Compressed Gases
• Flammable and Combustible
• Oxidizers
• Toxic
• Corrosive
• Reactive
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General Rules for Handling Hazardous Materials
• All Containers, pipes, process vessels and storage areas must be labeled
• All labels must identify the product and hazards associated with its use
• Read the label at least three times before using the products– when removing from
storage– before opening the
container
– before actual usage
• Inventory:– Date containers when
opening for the first time– Maintain up to date
inventory *– Regularly dispose of
surplus materials– Keep on hand only those
products that you have room to store properly
• Stick to the procedures• Keep your workplace
neat and organized• Develop an attitude of
safety awareness
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Chemical inventory system enables quick access to any MSDS as well as other safety and regulatory information for the products held in your inventory. Click on the Select field beside your chosen product and then click Chemwatch MSDS
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Labels…..
• Labels contain:
• pictograms• identify
hazards • clear risk
phrases
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Rules for HandlingCompressed Gases
• Gas cylinders must be properly secured
• When no longer in use or during transport - shut valves, relieve gas in regulator, remove regulator and cap
• Gas cylinders must be labeled like all other containers
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• Corroded lecture bottles or cylinders should not be stored or used
• Check hoses, tubing and regulators daily
• Empty cylinders should be returned to central storage as soon as possible
• Empty gas cylinders are marked “EMPTY”
Rules for HandlingCompressed Gases
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Compression!
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Cylinders
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Cylinders: not a myth!
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Four questions to answer
• What are the hazards?• What are the worst things that could
happen?• What do I need to do to be prepared?• What are the prudent practices, protective
facilities/equipment, and personal protective equipment needed to minimize the risk?
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Flammable Materials
LEDROITDecember 22, 1997
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Vapors travel!
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Fire at D’Iorio , October 2008
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Rules for HandlingFlammable Materials
Storage of flammables• Use approved flammable
storage cabinets• Maximum 20 Litres per storage
container• Maximum 4 Litres per storage
container for class 1A liquids• Do not store flammables with
oxidizers• Store flammable liquids only in
approved refrigerators.• Ensure all containers labelled,
including waste containers
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Testing flammable cabinets
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Testing flammable cabinets
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Testing flammable cabinets
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And if not stored properly…..
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On August 16, 1992, I used acetone, a highly flammable liquid that was sold to me to remove adhesive from a bedroom floor left behind after taking up a foam-backed carpet. To my surprise and horror, flame came bursting into the room from the hallway. I later found out that a pilot light from a water heater down the hall and in a closet had ignited the acetone fumes which had been too heavy to dissipate despite my having opened the door and windows. I jumped through a screened window and landed in the grass of the yard, burned full thickness on my arms and legs, and partial thickness on my face.The total skin area burned was 63%. (view pictures) I spent seven weeks in the Burn Unit at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, then several months recuperating. Six months after going home, tremendous ropes of scars appeared on my face.
My beard tried to grow through them, and the area became infected often. This led to several plastic surgeries.There is life after the burn. After many surgeries, unimaginable pain, divorce, and lots of time I am definitely alive and happy. There is life after the burn.
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Precautionary Measures• Use flammable and combustible liquids in a fume hood
• Ensure that all sparking equipment, e.g., switches, relays, thermostat, variacs are removed from the fume hood
• Ensure pressure release valve open when heating flasks of flammable liquid
• Do not heat flammable liquids with paint stripper guns
• Add boiling chips to boiling liquids to prevent bumping
• Minimize volumes to be heated where possible
Rules for HandlingFlammable Materials
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Four questions to answer
• What are the hazards?• What are the worst things that could
happen?• What do I need to do to be prepared?• What are the prudent practices, protective
facilities/equipment, and personal protective equipment needed to minimize the risk?
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Rules for HandlingCorrosive Materials
Storage• Store in corrosive storage cabinets
• Store corrosives on lower shelves
• Do not store acids and bases together
• Do not store concentrated acids or bases under sinks
• Hydrofluoric acid must be stored in plastic containers
• Ensure all containers labelled
Storage• Store in corrosive storage cabinets
• Store corrosives on lower shelves
• Do not store acids and bases together
• Do not store concentrated acids or bases under sinks
• Hydrofluoric acid must be stored in plastic containers
• Ensure all containers labelled
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Rules for HandlingCorrosive Materials
Precautionary Measures• Use proper eye, hand and
body protection
• Prevent exposure to corrosive fumes and vapours
• Always add acid to water, never reverse
• Pour Chemicals properly
Precautionary Measures• Use proper eye, hand and
body protection
• Prevent exposure to corrosive fumes and vapours
• Always add acid to water, never reverse
• Pour Chemicals properly
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Rules for HandlingToxic Materials
• Minimize exposures with engineering controls and administrative techniques
• Install and maintain automatic monitors and alarms
• Use proper eye, face, hand and body protection
• Be aware of emergency procedures
• Practice good personal hygiene
• Inform your supervisor of medications you are taking if working in a hazardous area
• Decontaminate your work space daily
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Mercury: designated substance, fairly easily replaced!
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Reproductive hazards
• Toxic effects on both female and male reproduction
• Advise supervisor or H&S professional if pregnant (many effects during 1st trimester)
• Resources:
– http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/99-104.html
– http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/malrepro.html– http://sciencecareers.sciencemag.org/
career_development/previous_issues/ look for April 7, 2006
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Rules for Handling Reactive Materials
• Buy only as much as you need• Label and date as soon as received• Date when first opened • Do not open a bottle past it’s expiration date• Do not open a peroxide former if crystals or
precipitates are present• Store peroxide forming materials away from heat and
light• Examples of materials which form peroxides after prolonged
exposure to air or light: ethers, THF, cyclohexene, p-dioxane, cyclooctene
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Reactive Materials
• Monitor containers for signs of instability, e.g., changes in colour, crystal formation, drying out
• Store perchloric acid bottles in glass or ceramic trays
• Store water reactives away from sources of water
• Do not handle bottles of reactive chemicals with crystal formation around the cap
• Contact EHSS for disposal of reactive chemical wastes
• Plan experiments carefully• Ensure proper safety equipment
available
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Incompatible Chemicals
• Mixing can result in hazardous reactions, fires, production of toxic fumes
• Level of incompatibility may depend on quantity used, temperature, pressure
• Store incompatible chemicals separately
• Organize experiments, reactions, to avoid mixing, unless under controlled conditions
• Review literature and MSDS prior to experiment
• Do not dispose of incompatible wastes in the same container
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Incompatible Chemicals
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Suggested Shelf Storage PatternSulphur, Phosphorous, Arsenic, phosphorous Pentoxide
Arsenates, Cyanides, Cyanates
(store away of any water)
Halides, Sulfates, Sulfites, Thiosulfates, Phosphates, Halogens, Acetates
Sulfides, Selenides, Phosphides, Carbides, Nitrides
Amides, Nitrates (Store Ammonium Nitrate separately), Nitrites, Azides
Borates, Chromates, Manganates, Permanganates
Metals and Hydrides
(store away from any water)
(Store flammable solids in flammable cabinets)
Chlorates, Bromates, Iodates, Chlorites, Hypochlorites, Perchlorates, Perchloric Acid, Peroxides, Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydrides, oxides, silicates, Carbonates, Carbon
Miscellaneous
http://www.flinnsci.com/Sections/Safety/chemicalSafety/L1070-1074_HS_ChemInvenStor.pdfhttp://www.flinnsci.com/Sections/Safety/chemicalSafety/L1070-1074_HS_ChemInvenStor.pdf
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Suggested Shelf Storage Pattern
Alcohols, Glycols, Sugars, Amines, Amides, Imines, Imides(store Flammables in a dedicated cabinet)
Phenols, Cresols
Hydrocarbons, Oils, Esters, Aldehydes, (store Flammables in a dedicated cabinet)
Peroxides, Azides, Hydroperoxides
Ethers, Ketones, Ketenes, Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Ethylene Oxide(store Flammables in a dedicated cabinet)
Acids, Amino Acids, Anhydrides, Peracids (store certain organic acids in acid cabinets)
Epoxy compounds, Isocyanates Dyes, Stains, Indicators (store alcohol based solutions in Flammable cabinets)
Sulfides, Polysulfides Miscellaneous
http://www.flinnsci.com/Sections/Safety/chemicalSafety/L1070-1074_HS_ChemInvenStor.pdfhttp://www.flinnsci.com/Sections/Safety/chemicalSafety/L1070-1074_HS_ChemInvenStor.pdf
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Cryogenic Fluids
• Cryogenic liquids are materials with boiling points of less than -73°C (-100°F), e.g., liquid nitrogen, helium and argon, and slush mixtures of dry ice with isopropanol
• Very small amounts of liquids produce large volumes of gas
• Rapid evaporation can lower available oxygen in the immediate area, creating an oxygen deficient atmosphere, e.g., elevators
• Cryogenic liquids cause cold burns and frostbite
• Solid oxygen crystals can form in liquid nitrogen traps attached to vacuum lines
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Cryogenic Liquids - Precautions
• Wear insulated gloves when handling cryogenic liquids
• Wear safety glasses / face shields when handling and transferring cryogenic liquids
• Fill containers to indicated maximum level
• Perform operations (pouring) slowly
• Wear insulated gloves when handling cryogenic liquids
• Wear safety glasses / face shields when handling and transferring cryogenic liquids
• Fill containers to indicated maximum level
• Perform operations (pouring) slowly
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Let’s take 5…
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Safety Rap Song
• http://www.educationalrap.com/67/lab-safety.html
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Electrical Hazards
No in-house modificationsNo in-house modifications
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Electrical Hazards: Symbols
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Mechanical Hazards
Mechanical hazards such as Mechanical hazards such as this open drive belt must be this open drive belt must be guardedguarded
No loose clothingNo loose clothing Tripping and slipping Tripping and slipping
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Officials at universities said they were questioning their machine shop safety policies the day after a Yale University senior was killed when her hair became tangled in a piece of machinery, asphyxiating her.
Michele Dufault '11, an astronomy and physics major from Massachusetts, died last night in an accident in Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, University President Richard Levin confirmed in a campuswide e-mail at 5:30
p.m. Wednesday. An autopsy conducted at the Connecticut Office of Chief Medical Examiner in Farmington Wednesday afternoon determined that Dufault died from an accidental "asphyxia due to neck compression," OCME Investigator Kathy Wilson said.
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Vacuum Lines
• Wear safety glasses when using vacuum systems
• Inspect glass for cracks• Wrap glass (flasks) under vacuum with tape
or vacuum hose• Wrap dewar flasks with tape• Use traps between vacuum sources and
vessels under reduced pressure• Install automatic shut-off for mercury diffusion
pumps
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Vacuum Pumps
• Vacuum pumps should be placed on a tray to catch oil that inevitably leaks from these units.
• Vacuum equipment should be trapped or filtered as appropriate.
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High Pressure Systems
• Wear safety glasses and protective gloves when using high pressure apparatus
• Check systems for leaks and possible defects• Place protective shield between you and the
apparatus• Use fume hoods designed with explosion proof sashes
where possible• Do not work alone using high pressure apparatus• Do not leave high pressure reactions unattended for
extended periods• Be aware of emergency procedures
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Centrifuges
• All centrifuges must have interlocking devices to prevent opening during operation
• Clean up spills immediately
• Ensure load is balanced
• Log all usage
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Accident at Carleton University, 1999
Minor injuries only
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Centrifuge Accident at Cornell University, 1998
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Safe Use of Autoclaves
• Learn how to use!• Identify (who and what)• Proper autoclave bags• Proper loading (trays)• Removing waste• Not everything is autoclavable:
• Phenol, javex, corrosives, flammables, melting plastics
• http://www.uottawa.ca/services/ehss/autoclaves.htm
• Training session required!
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Glassware
• Inspect glassware for cracks, stars, or stress lines before use
• Repair or discard defective glassware• Wear eye protection when working with glass
apparatus• Wear safety gloves when inserting glass into
rubber or plastic tubing• Do not wash broken glassware with other
glassware• Do not mix glassware or broken glass with regular
garbage. Dispose in cardboard boxes or designated containers for recycling
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Control Measures
• Eye protection• Gloves• Lab coats• Footwear• Fume hoods• Emergency showers• Eyewashes• Fire extinguishers
• Eye protection• Gloves• Lab coats• Footwear• Fume hoods• Emergency showers• Eyewashes• Fire extinguishers
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Working Alone / After Hours
• Never work alone in high risk area– Use buddy system– Phone/advise Protection Services– Have someone contact you…– personal panic alarm (ACVSbarrier, CL3)– Note: access after hours will NOT be granted
if staff students do not have ID, access cards, door codes.
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Eye Protection
• Use appropriate safety glasses• “Avoid use of contact lenses”?• Goggles for liquids• Safety glasses for explosion
risks
• Wear at all times in labs• 13% of ALL accidents (RGN) in 2005• UofO Procedure on Safety
Eyewear now on our website
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Why wear eye protection?
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Which type/which hazard
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Which type/which hazard
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Gloves
• Minimizes contact with hazardous agent
• Use appropriate gloves
• PVC, latex, rubber, nitrile, polypropylene
• Check resistance chart
• Do not wear gloves in halls or elevators
http://www.science.uottawa.ca/HS/glove_main.htm
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Lab Coats
• Protects clothing• Protects body• Should have snaps• Non-flammable fabric• Do not wash with
regular clothing
• Protects clothing• Protects body• Should have snaps• Non-flammable fabric• Do not wash with
regular clothing
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Footwear
• Closed-toed, closed heel shoes must be worn in labs
• Running shoes ideal!• Crocs aren’t!
• Sandals are never to be worn in labs
• Shoes must cover the foot• “Ballet slippers” leave too much foot
exposed
• Steel toed boots/shoes must be worn in mechanical areas, or if using a lifting device
• Closed-toed, closed heel shoes must be worn in labs
• Running shoes ideal!• Crocs aren’t!
• Sandals are never to be worn in labs
• Shoes must cover the foot• “Ballet slippers” leave too much foot
exposed
• Steel toed boots/shoes must be worn in mechanical areas, or if using a lifting device
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Footwear
• Closed-toed, closed heel shoes must be worn in labs
• Running shoes ideal!• Crocs aren’t!
• Sandals are never to be worn in labs
• Shoes must cover the foot• “Ballet slippers” leave too much foot
exposed
• Steel toed boots/shoes must be worn in mechanical areas, or if using a lifting device
• Closed-toed, closed heel shoes must be worn in labs
• Running shoes ideal!• Crocs aren’t!
• Sandals are never to be worn in labs
• Shoes must cover the foot• “Ballet slippers” leave too much foot
exposed
• Steel toed boots/shoes must be worn in mechanical areas, or if using a lifting device
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Fume Hoods
• Chemical hoods
• Biosafety hoods
• Radioisotope hoods
• Exhaust canopies
• Recirculating hoods
• Perchloric acid hoods
• Hydrofluoric acid hoods
• Chemical hoods
• Biosafety hoods
• Radioisotope hoods
• Exhaust canopies
• Recirculating hoods
• Perchloric acid hoods
• Hydrofluoric acid hoods
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Fume Hood Design
• Sash• Bypass Grills• Face Velocity• Baffle• Exhaust duct• Face opening• HEPA filter• Carbon filter
• Sash• Bypass Grills• Face Velocity• Baffle• Exhaust duct• Face opening• HEPA filter• Carbon filter
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Fume Hood Safety
• Never put your head into a fume hood• Minimize storage of chemicals or equipment in a fume
hood• Work with sash at indicated operating level• Set up apparatus or sources of emission at least six
inches behind the plane of fume hood• Raise large pieces of equipment at least one inch above
the floor of the fume hood• Do not obstruct back slots• Keep sash closed when not working in fume hood• Avoid cross drafts when working in a fume hood
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Fume Hood Performance
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Emergency Showers/ Eyewashes
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Emergency Showers/ Eyewashes
• Using:
• Know location of emergency showers and eyewash stations– Faculty of Medicine and Science
has on all floors
• Become familiar with operation
• Wash for minimum of 15 minutes with running water– First 2-3 minutes cold, then
privacy showers
• Remove all contaminated clothing
• Requires medical assistance
• Report incident
• Maintaining:• Eyewash must be verified
monthly (weekly if warm water)– Spray pattern
– Flow
– Sign off or fix!
• Showers verified twice annually by PRS
• All showers alarmed
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Fire Extinguishers
• Attend faculty training
• Extinguish fire only if feel comfortable
• ABC for regular fires
• D for metal induced fires
• Pull fire alarm
• Attend faculty training
• Extinguish fire only if feel comfortable
• ABC for regular fires
• D for metal induced fires
• Pull fire alarm
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Emergency Procedures
• Fires• Explosions• Spills• Emissions• First aid• Injuries
• Fires• Explosions• Spills• Emissions• First aid• Injuries
• Accidents• Incident/accident report
form• Property damage• 5411• Emergency plan
– http://www.emergencypreparedness.uottawa.ca
• Accidents• Incident/accident report
form• Property damage• 5411• Emergency plan
– http://www.emergencypreparedness.uottawa.ca
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Emergency Procedures
• Contact Protection Services for emergencies at extension 5411
• If safe to clean spill by yourself, proceed
• After incident or accident, complete incident/ accident form
• Investigation by EHSS, Human Resources and Occupational Health and Safety Committee
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Waste Disposal
• Regulated by Ontario
• University procedures
• Faculty guidelines
• Sewer restrictions
• Air restrictions
• Chemical waste
• Regulated by Ontario
• University procedures
• Faculty guidelines
• Sewer restrictions
• Air restrictions
• Chemical waste
• Biomedical waste
• Sharps waste
• Battery waste
• Oil waste
• Scintillation wastes
• Photographic waste
• Regular garbage
• Biomedical waste
• Sharps waste
• Battery waste
• Oil waste
• Scintillation wastes
• Photographic waste
• Regular garbage
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Waste Disposal
• Label all wastes• University
Hazardous Waste label
• Sharps containers• Solvent waste
containers• Broken glass in
boxes• Batteries recycling
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Waste Disposal - General Guidelines
• Use approved containers for disposal, (see EHSO)
• Label all hazardous waste containers with University hazardous waste label
• Do not mix incompatible wastes• Do not overfill waste containers• Contact EHSO or ORM for disposal of
unstable reactive chemicals, e.g., dry picric acid (5411 if urgent)
• Contact faculty representatives for disposal
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Waste incidents
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Before Leaving the Lab
• Check Overnight operations Supplies are sufficient Waterlines are adequately clamped Description of the process posted Emergency contacts posted
• Check Overnight operations Supplies are sufficient Waterlines are adequately clamped Description of the process posted Emergency contacts posted
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Overnight incident
• Thermometer melted from heat
• Mercury vaporized• Rubber supports
melted• Fire burnt itself out
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Before Leaving the Lab
• Turn off Gas Water Power lines Other non necessary
equipment
• Clean your work area
• Return ALL chemicals to storage
• Lower fume hood sash
• Wash your hands
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Printed Resources
• Faculty Laboratory Procedures and Safety Manual
• WHMIS Manual• University Hazardous Materials Handling
Guide• CRC Handbook of Laboratory Safety• Prudent Practices in the Laboratory• The Chemical Institute of Canada Lab
Safety Handbook
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Find the potentials…
What’s Wrong?What’s Wrong?
#1#1
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Find the potentials…
What’s Wrong?What’s Wrong?
#2#2
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Find the potentials…
What’s Wrong? #3
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Find the potentials…
What’s
Wrong?
#4
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What’s
Wrong?
#5
Find the potentials…
![Page 100: LABORATORY SAFETY Charles Mulcahy Health, Safety and Risk Manager Faculty of Medicine (Room 1411) cmulcahy@uottawa.ca](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103122/56649ced5503460f949ba4a2/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Accident waiting to happen!
Did this person
take Lab
Safety???
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And finally…