![Page 1: Lab 5 Nervous system and senses. Nervous System Two primary divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system ( CNS) - consists of the brain and](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081418/5697c0121a28abf838ccbfd6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Lab 5
Nervous system and senses
![Page 2: Lab 5 Nervous system and senses. Nervous System Two primary divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system ( CNS) - consists of the brain and](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081418/5697c0121a28abf838ccbfd6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Nervous System
Two primary divisions of the nervous system:
Central nervous system (CNS) - consists of the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) - consists of all neural tissue outside of the CNS
![Page 3: Lab 5 Nervous system and senses. Nervous System Two primary divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system ( CNS) - consists of the brain and](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081418/5697c0121a28abf838ccbfd6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The CNS contain both gray matter and white matter
gray matter - areas of CNS dominated by nerve cell bodies and unmyelinated axons
white matter - areas of CNS dominated by myelinated axons
![Page 4: Lab 5 Nervous system and senses. Nervous System Two primary divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system ( CNS) - consists of the brain and](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081418/5697c0121a28abf838ccbfd6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The CNS is are covered by meninges (membranes) for protection and cushioning
dura mater - tough outer layerarachnoid mater - spider-like middle layerpia mater - transparent inner layer
![Page 5: Lab 5 Nervous system and senses. Nervous System Two primary divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system ( CNS) - consists of the brain and](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081418/5697c0121a28abf838ccbfd6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CNS also contains cerebrospinal fluid - fluid bathing the surfaces of CNS
• fills ventricles and subarachnoid space•secreted by choroid plexus (complex interwoven network of peripheral nerves)
functions: -protection, drains unwanted substances away from brain – helps maintain homeostasis
![Page 6: Lab 5 Nervous system and senses. Nervous System Two primary divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system ( CNS) - consists of the brain and](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081418/5697c0121a28abf838ccbfd6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Autonomic Nervous System – monitors and adjusts body systems to maintain homeostasis – involuntary (think automatic)
Sympathetic – stimulates metabolism, increased heartbeat, and elevates mental alertness to allow the body to cope with a stressful situation. Prepares body for “fight” or “flight” action. Widely distributed throughout the body.
Parasympathetic – conserves body by promoting sedentary activities, such as “rest and digest” functions. Limited to the head, neck, and selected viscera.
![Page 7: Lab 5 Nervous system and senses. Nervous System Two primary divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system ( CNS) - consists of the brain and](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081418/5697c0121a28abf838ccbfd6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Relationships Between The Sympathetic And Parasympathetic Divisions
Dual Innervation – most organs are innervated by both divisions thru plexuses with opposing effects
![Page 8: Lab 5 Nervous system and senses. Nervous System Two primary divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system ( CNS) - consists of the brain and](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081418/5697c0121a28abf838ccbfd6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Lab 5 Nervous system and senses. Nervous System Two primary divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system ( CNS) - consists of the brain and](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081418/5697c0121a28abf838ccbfd6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Special Senses: Ear
Functions of ear: hearing and balance
•static equilibrium (linear acceleration)
•dynamic equilibrium (rotational acceleration)
![Page 10: Lab 5 Nervous system and senses. Nervous System Two primary divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system ( CNS) - consists of the brain and](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081418/5697c0121a28abf838ccbfd6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Regions of the ear:
outer ear - pinna, external auditory canal/meatus, tympanic membrane (ear drum), captures sound
![Page 11: Lab 5 Nervous system and senses. Nervous System Two primary divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system ( CNS) - consists of the brain and](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081418/5697c0121a28abf838ccbfd6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
middle ear – ossicles: 3 bones - malleus/hammer, incus/anvil, stapes/stirrup, auditory/eustacian tube, amplifies sound
![Page 12: Lab 5 Nervous system and senses. Nervous System Two primary divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system ( CNS) - consists of the brain and](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081418/5697c0121a28abf838ccbfd6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
inner ear - network of canals (membranous labyrinth) with receptors, balance and sound detection
![Page 13: Lab 5 Nervous system and senses. Nervous System Two primary divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system ( CNS) - consists of the brain and](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081418/5697c0121a28abf838ccbfd6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Regions of the eye:fibrous tunic - outermost region, epithelial tissue (integument) (NOT vascularized)
sclera - opaque white, function is support
cornea - transparent, function is protection
![Page 14: Lab 5 Nervous system and senses. Nervous System Two primary divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system ( CNS) - consists of the brain and](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081418/5697c0121a28abf838ccbfd6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
vascular tunic - middle region (vascularized)
iris - pigmented, contains smooth muscle that contract to change the diameter of the central opening of the iris
pupil - regulates the amount of light entering the eye.
choroid - dark in color: many blood vessels, supplies nutrients + oxygen to retina
ciliary body - attached to lens and can change shape of lens to focus
![Page 15: Lab 5 Nervous system and senses. Nervous System Two primary divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system ( CNS) - consists of the brain and](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081418/5697c0121a28abf838ccbfd6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
neural tunic or retina - neural inner region with two primary layers
outer pigmented layer - absorbs light
inner neural layer – contains a photoreceptors layer
rods - b/w or dim lightcones – color or bright light bipolar layer - supporting cellsganglionic layer - neurons that perform preliminary processing and integration of visual information
![Page 16: Lab 5 Nervous system and senses. Nervous System Two primary divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system ( CNS) - consists of the brain and](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081418/5697c0121a28abf838ccbfd6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
macular zone - "yellow spot" - no rods in this section of photoreceptive layer, the highest concentration of cones is found in the center of the macular zone is the fovea
optic disc (blind spot) - axons from the ganglionic layer converge here and penetrate the wall of the eye and proceed toward the brain via the optic nerve.
![Page 17: Lab 5 Nervous system and senses. Nervous System Two primary divisions of the nervous system: Central nervous system ( CNS) - consists of the brain and](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022081418/5697c0121a28abf838ccbfd6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Inner Ear