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Year : 2009 | Volume : 20 | Issue : 1 | Page : 107-109Uses of turmeric in dentistry: An update

TP ChaturvediProfessor, Division of Orthodontics and General Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences,4GF Jodhpur Colony, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India

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Date of Submission 10-Mar-2008Date of Decision 08-Aug-2008Date of Acceptance 09-Aug-2008

Abstract

Turmeric has been used for thousands of years as a dye, a flavoring, and a medicinal herb. In India, it has been usedtraditionally as a remedy for stomach and liver ailments, as well as topically to heal sores. Ancient Indian medicine hastouted turmeric as an herb with the ability to provide glow and luster to the skin as well as vigor and vitality to theentire body. Since turmeric has antimicrobial, antioxidant, astringent, and other useful properties, it is quite useful inDentistry also. The objective of this article is to highlight various uses of turmeric in the dental field along with its usein medical problems.

Keywords: Dental infections, herbal medicine, turmeric

How to cite this article:Chaturvedi T P. Uses of turmeric in dentistry: An update. Indian J Dent Res 2009;20:107-9

How to cite this URL:Chaturvedi T P. Uses of turmeric in dentistry: An update. Indian J Dent Res [serial online] 2009 [cited 2014 Jun10];20:107-9. Available from: http://www.ijdr.in/text.asp?2009/20/1/107/49065Herbal medicines are drugs of plant origin used to treat diseases and to attain or maintain a condition of improvedhealth. Herbs with medicinal properties are a useful and effective source of treatment for various diseases. Many drugsused in Western medical science (called allopathic medicine) have their origin in medicinal plants.

Turmeric is a perennial plant with orange, oblong tubers 2 or 3 inches in length and one inch in diameter, pointed ortapering at one end. When dried, it is made into a yellow powder with a bitter, slightly acrid, yet sweet taste. It issimilar to ginger.

India produces nearly the whole world's turmeric crop and consumes 80% of it. With its inherent qualities, Indianturmeric is considered to be the best in the world. The fresh spice is much preferred to the dried spice in South EastAsia. The fresh rhizome is grated and added to curry dishes; it is also used as a yellow curry paste in Thailand. Due toIndian influence, turmeric has also made its way into Ethiopian cuisine. Besides flavoring food, the most common usesof turmeric are to purify the blood and remedy skin conditions. Many people are familiar with turmeric as a traditionalMiddle-Eastern spice, but few know of its medicinal virtues. Turmeric, otherwise known as Circuma longa, is amember of the ginger family, Zingaberaceae. The Latin name is derived from the Persian word, "kirkum," which means

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"saffron," in reference to the rhizome's vibrant yellow-orange color. It is indigenous to southeast Asia, but has longbeen used and cultivated throughout India. Turmeric is highly valuable for the influence it exerts on the digestivesystem and the liver. In both Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine, it is considered to be a bitter digestive and acarminative. It is used by Unani practitioners to expel phlegm or kapha, opening out the blood vessels to improveblood circulation. It can be incorporated into foods, including rice and bean dishes, to improve digestion and reducegas and bloating. It is a cholagogue, stimulating bile production in the liver and encouraging the excretion of bile viathe gallbladder. This improves the body's ability to digest fats. Western cuisine does not use turmeric directly, but itforms part of several spice mixtures and sauces; it is also used to impart a bright yellow color to mustard paste.

Therapeutic Actions of Turmeric

The active constituent of turmeric is known as curcumin. It has been shown to have a wide range of therapeutic actionsof curcumin.

It protects against free radical damage because it is a strong antioxidant. [1]1.It reduces inflammation by lowering histamine levels and possibly by increasing the production of naturalcortisone by the adrenal glands. [2]

2.

It protects the liver from a number of toxic compounds. [3]3.It has been shown to prevent platelets from clumping together, which in turn improves circulation and may helpprotect against atherosclerosis. [4]

4.

Laboratory tests have found that turmeric is antimutagenic, as it potentially helps prevent new cancers that arecaused by chemotherapy or radiation used to treat existing cancers. It effectively inhibits metastasis(uncontrolled spread) of melanoma (skin cancer) cells [5],[6] and may be especially useful in deactivating thecarcinogens in cigarette smoke and chewing tobacco.

5.

Curcumin inhibits HIV in test tubes, though human trials are needed to determine if it has any usefulness fortreating humans with this condition. [7],[8]

6.

Curcumin is also useful for reducing inflammation and symptoms such as pain and stiffness in the joints.Turmeric in the diet may prevent pain from arthritis, bursitis, and tendonitis. [9]

7.

A separate double-blind clinical trial found that curcumin was superior to placebo or phenylbutazone (a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAID]) for alleviating post-surgical inflammation. [10]

8.

Turmeric in the diet increases the production of enzymes that digest fats and sugars and stop cholesterol fromforming gallstones. Turmeric is helpful for people with indigestion. Results in people with stomach or intestinalulcers have not shown it to be superior to a placebo and have demonstrated it to be less effective than antacids.[11],[12],[13]

9.

Preliminary research indicates a possible benefit of oral curcumin supplementation for chronic anterior uveitis(inflammation of the iris and middle coat of the eyeball). [14]

10.

Turmeric is exceedingly useful in the treatment of some urinary disorders such as diabetes mellitus. [15]11.Turmeric stimulates the secretion of bile, is anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, eases stomach pain, and is anantioxidant. Turmeric in the diet increases the production of enzymes that digest fats and sugars and stopscholesterol from forming gallstones. [16]

12.

When applied to the skin and exposed to sunlight, turmeric is strongly anti-bacterial.13.It can be used for parasitic infections.14.Fresh juice from the rhizome or a paste prepared from turmeric or decoction is often used as a local applicationas well as internally in the treatment of leprosy, snake bites, and vomiting associated with pregnancy. [17]

15.

In case of smallpox and chickenpox, turmeric is applied as a powder or as a paste to facilitate the process ofscabbing. [18],[19]

16.

Turmeric powder with alum powders are mixed in a proportion of 1 to 20 and is blown into an ear that haschronic discharge or otorrhoea.

17.

Dental Application of Turmeric

Dental problems

Turmeric can be used in following ways offer relief from dental problems: [20]

Rinsing the mouth with turmeric water (boil 5 g of turmeric powder, two cloves, and two dried leaves of guavain 200 g water) gives instant relief.Massaging the aching teeth with roasted, ground turmeric eliminates pain and swelling.Applying the powder of burnt turmeric pieces and bishop's weed seed on teeth and cleaning them makes thegums and teeth strong.Applying a paste made from 1 tsp of turmeric with tsp of salt and tsp of mustard oil provides relief fromgingivitis and periodontitis. Rub the teeth and gums with this paste twice daily.


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Pit and fissure sealant

It has been found that tinted pit and fissure sealant is useful for applying to tooth surfaces for the prevention orreduction of dental caries. This sealant can be produced from a composition comprising a polymerizable resin systemcontaining acrylic monomer and at least one colorant selected from the group consisting of Annatto extract, turmericextract, and -Apo-8'-Carotenal.[21]

Dental-plaque detection system

Caries or periodontal diseases are thought to be infectious diseases caused by bacteria present in dental plaques and itis known that the removal of dental plaques is highly important for the health of oral cavities. However, dental plaquesare not easy to identify by the naked eye and it is difficult to confirm their attachment site and extent precisely.Accordingly, dental plaques are generally stained with dental-plaque staining agents, which contain dyes, to revealtheir locations in order to uncover the attached dental plaques.

The dental-plaque detection system includes a dental-plaque staining agent, which contains at least one selected fromthe yellow pigment of beni-koji, turmeric extracts, and curcumin; and a light-emitting apparatus, which outputs lighthaving a wavelength within a range of 250 to 500 nm to an object in the oral cavity where the dental-plaque stainingagent is attached. A yellow pigment of beni-koji and turmeric are known as staining agents also used for otherpurposes. [22]

Summary

The benefits of turmeric include: analgesic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-allergic, antioxidant,antiseptic, antispasmodic, appetizer, astringent, cardiovascular, carminative, cholagogue, digestive, and diuretic. Thereare many uses of turmeric in dentistry. The use of plants and herbs for dental care is a very common indigenous systemof medicine and we must include it in our everyday life. Further research is needed for the proper use of turmeric inDentistry.

References

1. Ramirez-Bosc A, Soler A, Gutierrez MA. Antioxidant curcuma extracts decrease the blood lipid peroxide levelsof human subjects. Age 1995;18:167-9.

2. Ammon HP, Safayhi H, Mack T, Sabieraj J. Mechanism of anti-inflammatory actions of curcumin and boswellicacids. J Ethnopharmacol 1993;38:113-9.

3. Kiso Y, Suzuki Y, Watanbe N, Oshima Y, Hikino H. Antihepatotoxic principles of Curcuma longa rhizomes.Planta Med 1983;49:185-7.

4. Srivastava R, Puri V, Srimal RC, Dhawan BN. Effect of curcumin on platelet aggregation and vascularprostacyclin synthesis. Arzneimittelforschung 1986;36:715-7.

5. Mehta K, Pantazis P, McQueen T, Aggarwal BB. Antiproliferative effect of curcumin (diferuloylmethane) againsthuman breast tumor cell line. Anticancer Drugs 1997;8:470-81.

6. Menon LG, Kuttan R, Kuttan G. Anti-metastatic activity of curcumin and catechin. Cancer Lett1999;141:159-65.

7. Mazumder A, Raghavan K, Weinstein J, Kohn KW, Pommier Y. Inhibition of human immunodefficiency virustype-I integrase by curcumin. Biochem Pharmacol 1995;49:1165-70.

8. Barthelemy S, Vergnes L, Moynier M, Guyot D, Labidalle S, Bahraoui E. Curcumin and curcumin derivativesinhibit Tat-mediated transactivation of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat. Res Virol1998;149:43-52.

9. Deodhar SD, Sethi R, Srimal RC. Preliminary studies on antirheumatic activity of curcumin (diferuloylmethane). Indian J Med Res 1980;71:632-4.

10. Van Dau N, Ngoc Ham N, Huy Khac D. The effects of traditional drug, turmeric (Curcuma longa), and placeboon the healing of duodenal ulcer. Phytomedicine 1998;5:29-34.

11. Thamlikitkul V, Bunyapraphatsara N, Dechatiwongse T, Theerapong S, Chantrakul C, Thanaveerasuwan T, et al .Randomized double-blind study of Curcuma domestica Val for dyspepsia. J Med Assoc Thai 1989;72:613-20.

12. Soni KB, Kuttan R. Effect of oral curcumin administration on serum peroxides and cholesterol levels in humanvolunteers. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 1992;36:273-5.

13. Kositchaiwat C, Kositchaiwat S, Havanondha J. Curcuma longa Linn in the treatment of gastric ulcer comparisonto liquid antacid: A controlled clinical trial. J Med Assoc Thai 1993;76:601-5.

14. Lal B, Kapoor AK, Asthana OP, Agrawal PK, Prasad R, Kumar P, et al. Efficacy of curcumin in the managementof chronic anterior uveitis. Phytotherapy Res 1999;13:318-22.

15. Blumenthal M, Busse WR, Goldberg A, et al. editors. The complete commission E monographs: Therapeuticguide to herbal medicines. Boston, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications; 1998. p. 222.

16. Reddy AC, Lokesh BR. Effect of dietary turmeric (Curcuma longa) on iron-induced lipid peroxidation in the ratliver. Food Chem Toxicol 1994;32:279-83.

17. Snow JM. Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae). Protocol J Botan Med 1995;1:43-6. 18. Arora RB, Kapoor V, Basu N, Jain AP. Anti-inflammatory studies on Curcuma longa (turmeric). Indian J Med

Res 1971;59:1289-95. 19. Srivastava R, Dikshit M, Srimal RC, Dhawan BN. Anti-thrombotic effect of curcumin. Thromb Res

1985;40:413-7. 20. PDR for herbal medicines. 2nd ed. Montvale. NJ: Medical Economics Company; 2000. p. 776.


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21. Available from: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4261879.html. [last access on 2008 Feb 20] 22. Available from: http://www.freepatentsonline.com/EP1792581A1.html. [last access on 2008 Feb 20]

Correspondence Address:T P ChaturvediProfessor, Division of Orthodontics and General Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences,4GF Jodhpur Colony, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar PradeshIndia

DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.49065

PMID: 19336870

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