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KKKKRISIS IPT
KUALITIKUASA KUANTITI
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KKKKRISIS IPT
KUASA KUALITI KUANTITIAAA
AUTONOMY ACADEMICSTANDARDS
ACCESS
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RMK
10AAAAUTONOMY ACADEMIC
STANDARDSACCESS
KKKKRISIS IPT
KUASA KUALITI KUANTITI
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RMK
10AAAAUTONOMY ACADEMIC
STANDARDSACCESS
KKKKRISIS IPT
KUASA KUALITI KUANTITI
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RMK
10AAAAUTONOMY ACADEMIC
STANDARDSACCESS
KKKKRISIS IPT
KUASA KUALITI KUANTITI
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RMK
10AAAAUTONOMY ACADEMIC
STANDARDSACCESS
KKKKRISIS IPT
KUASA KUALITI KUANTITI
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KKUANTITI
AACCESS
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1949
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1949
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1970
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1980
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1990
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2000
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2010
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2010
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2010 44 UNIVERSITI
25 KOLEJ-UNIVERSITI
21 POLYTEKNIK
537 KOLEJ
627 IPT
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WHEREGOT
CRISIS?
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KELAS TINGKATAN 5K 30 STUDENTS
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0.6%
1960-1970ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
Elite Higher education is a privilege
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0.6%
1960-1970ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
Elite Higher education is a privilege
13 MAY 1969
AUKU 1971NEP + QUOTA SYSTEM
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1.8%
ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
Elite
1971-1980
+ racialised policy
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3.7%
ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
Elite + racialised policy
1981-1995
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8.1%
ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
Elite
1996-2000
+ racialised policy + market driven policy
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8.1%
ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
Elite
1996-2000
+ racialised policy + market driven policy
AKTA IPTS 1996
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30%
ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
Mass
2001-2010
+ racialised policy + market driven policy
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PRIVATE 15%
PUBLIC 15%
30%
Mass + racialised policy + market driven policy
ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION 2001-2010
& Private
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PRIVATE 15%
PUBLIC 15%
30%
Mass + racialised policy + market driven policy
ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION 2001-2010
& Private
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PRIVATE 15%
PUBLIC 15%
30%
Mass + racialised policy + market driven policy
ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION 2001-2010
& Private
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PRIVATE 15%
PUBLIC 15%
30%
Mass + racialised policy + market driven policy
ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION 2001-2010
& Private
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PRIVATE IPTSPUBLIC IPTA vs
90% subsidised
lower tuition feesRM1,400 a year
Bahasa Melayu language of instruction
70% Bumiputera
education as social good
staff to student ratio1:9
staff teach less than 10 hours a week
comprehensive courses
no subsidies
higher tuition feesRM14,000 a year
English language of instruction
95% bukan-Bumiputera
education as commodity
staff to student ratio1:30
staff teach less than 20 hours a week
market-driven courses
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30%
ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
Mass
2001-2010& Private
+ racialised policy + market driven policy
RMK
10
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Higher education is a right
2020ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
& Private
Univ!sal
50%
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Higher education is a right
2020ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
& Private
Univ!sal
50%
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Higher education is a right
2020ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
& Private
Univ!sal
50%
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Higher education is a right
2020ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
& Private
Univ!sal
50%
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ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
Univ!sal
50%
2020& Private
Higher education is a right
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ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
Univ!sal
50%
2020& Private
Higher education is a right
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ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
Univ!sal
50%
2020& Private
Higher education is a right
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ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
Univ!sal
50%
Elitist
2020
Higher education is a right
Private & Corporate
Higher education is a privilegeKnowledge is a commodity
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ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
Univ!sal
50%
Elitist
2020
Higher education is a right
Private & Corporate
Higher education is a privilegeKnowledge is a commodity
Equity and Right to Education
ARTICLE 12FEDERAL CONSTITUTION
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ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
Univ!sal
50%
Elitist
2020
Higher education is a right
Private & Corporate
Higher education is a privilegeKnowledge is a commodity
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ACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
Univ!sal
50%
Elitist
2020
Higher education is a right
Private & Corporate
Higher education is a privilegeKnowledge is a commodity
for all
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ACCESS TOHIGHER EDUCATION (2004)
29%Malaysia
41%THAILAND
46%SINGAPORE
87%FINLAND
89%KOREA
29%FILIPINA
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KELAS TINGKATAN 3K 30 STUDENTS
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10%
ACCESS TOUPPER SECONDARYPUBLIC EDUCATION 1960
Elitist
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20.1%
1970
Elitist
ACCESS TOUPPER SECONDARYPUBLIC EDUCATION
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40.8%
1980
Mass
ACCESS TOUPPER SECONDARYPUBLIC EDUCATION
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49.1%
1990
Mass
ACCESS TOUPPER SECONDARYPUBLIC EDUCATION
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72.6%
2000
Univ!sal
ACCESS TOUPPER SECONDARYPUBLIC EDUCATION
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Univ!salACCESS TOSECONDARYPUBLIC EDUCATION
Univ!salACCESS TOPUBLIC HIGHER EDUCATION
Secondary education is a RIGHT, not a privilege
Higher education is a RIGHT, not a privilege
DEMOCRATISE higher education, not privatise
Higher education for PUBLIC GOOD, not market needs
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GERMANY
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GERMANY
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AUSTRIA
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CROATIA
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SPAIN
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CANADA
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CANADA
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AMERICA
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ENGLAND
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BANGLADESH
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INDONESIA
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INDONESIA
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FILIPINA
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SejarahKebangkitan
MahasiswaUniversiti Malaya
60an