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Kingdom Protista
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Protists most diverse kingdom all eukaryotic mostly unicellular aquatic organisms asexual reproduction generally by binary
fission
3 different groups1. plant-like2. animal-like3. fungi-like
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1. Plant-like Protists: Algae all autotrophs contain chlorophyll have cell walls 2 major groups
a) unicellular algae b)multicellular algae
phytoplankton seaweeddiatoms
brown algae
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Plant-like Protists: Algaea) unicellular algae
very important because:1. begin every aquatic food chain2. produce 67% of atmospheric O2
3. overpopulation causes algal blooms which can cause: i) dead algae decomposed by saprophytes consume large amounts of O2 – none left for
fish swamp producedii) produce toxins which kill fish can also be harmful to humans ex. red tide
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Plant-like Protists:Seaweedb) multicellular algae
(seaweed) no real tissues i.e. colonies food source for fish and
humans cell walls of red algae used to
make: i. agarii. gel capsiii. cosmetics
Volvox
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2.Fungus-like Protists (Slime Moulds)
multicellular body (like giant amoeba) called a plasmodium
roll over forest floor feeding on dead organic matter
move very slowly (few mm/day)
reproduce asexually with spores (like fungi) in fruiting bodies
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3. Animal-like Protists all heterotrophs classified by how they move
a) pseudopods: move with cytoplasmic projections called
pseudopods (false feet)
ex. amoeba• some pathogenic•i.e. amoebic dysentery
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Animal-like Protistsb) flagellates
move with long whip-like flagella
some parasitic pathogensex. African sleeping sickness
trypanosome
Giardia lamblia
(beaver fever)
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Animal-like Protistsc) ciliates
move with cilia (short hair-like projections) that can cover cell
ex. paramecium
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Animal-like Protistsd) sporozoa reproduce by asexually
by spores have no means of
locomotion many parasites, which
depend on host body fluids to move
ex. Malaria
anopheles mosquito
RBC
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Paramecium Structure
cilia
contractile vacuolecytoplasmmicronucleusmacronucleus
oral groove
gulletfood vacuole forming
anal pore
food vacuole
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Paramecium
spiral movement
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Paramecium ReproductionBinary fission
(asexual reproduction)
Conjugation (sexual reproduction)
•have two nuclei•exchange micronucleus
withanother paramecium2 new organisms
(genetically identically )
same 2 organisms (genetically different )
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Amoeba Structure
nucleus
ectoplasm
endoplasm
contractile vacuolefood vacuole
pseudopod
cytoplasm
Note: contractile vacuole
•collects all the H2O that diffuses in by osmosis
•contracts & pumps H2O out to stop amoeba from bursting
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Amoeba Feeding
phagocytosis
food
pseudopodpseudopod surrounds
food
food enters a food
vacuole
enzymes break down
food in vacuole
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Amoeba Reproduction
Binary Fission (asexual)
one amoeba divides into 2 identical amoebas