Download - KEYNOTE - Moriarty Kampala Uganda symposium
13/04/2010 Dr. Patrick Moriarty
Kampala, Uganda, 13 to 15 April 2010International Symposium on Sustainable Rural Water Services
What’s in a service? Using water service ladders in life-cycle cost analysis
Dr. Patrick MoriartyIRC, Ghana
13/04/2010 Dr. Patrick Moriarty
A five year action research programme.
Working in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mozambique and India (Andhra Pradesh).
Researching the FULL Life-Cycle Costs (LCC) of providing Rural and Peri-Urban (Domestic) Water and Sanitation Services, and ….
Identifying ways in which this information can be used to improve service delivery
Description of programme
13/04/2010 Dr. Patrick Moriarty
Disaggregated Life Cycle Costs
Capital expendi-ture
Operational and minor mainte-
nance expendi-ture
Capital main-tenance ex-penditureDirect support
costs
Indirect support cost
Costs of capital
Capital expenditure (CapEx): hardware and software
Operational and minor maintenance expenditure (OpEx)
Capital maintenance expenditure (CapManEx)– rehabilitation, replacement
Direct support costs – post construction activities, household expenditures
Indirect support cost – macro level planning and policy formulation
Costs of capital – costs of loans
Life Cycle Costs Components
13/04/2010 Dr. Patrick Moriarty
A water service is the water provided to people… typically defined in terms of:quantity and quality; accessibility and reliability
Service ≠ Technologythough there are strong links between the two:Hand-pumps normally represent one level of service;Taps in houses another.
What is a domestic water service?
13/04/2010 Dr. Patrick Moriarty
A service level is a group of indicators that together establish a normative benchmark for service delivery. (e.g. 20l/p/d of WHO quality water within 500m of the dwelling and shared by no more than 300 people)
A service ladder is a series of service levels grouped to convey the impression (or intention) of progress from one level to the next.
Establishing service levels is a political process.
Service levels and ladders
13/04/2010 Dr. Patrick Moriarty
Water service levels
13/04/2010 Dr. Patrick Moriarty
Piped water on premises: Piped household water connection located
inside the user's dwelling,
Other improved drinking water sources: Public taps or standpipes, tube wells or
boreholes, protected dug wells, protected springs or rainwater collection.
Unimproved drinking water sources: Unprotected dug well, unprotected spring, cart
with small tank/drum, surface water (river, dam, lake, pond, stream, canal, irrigation
channels), and bottled water.
Improved
Piped
Unimproved
Existing JMP ladder
13/04/2010 Dr. Patrick Moriarty
The WASHCost Water Service Ladder
High service: people access a minimum of 60l/c/d of high quality
water on demand
Intermediate service: people access a minimum of 40l/c/d of acceptable quality water from an improved source spending no more that 30 minutes per day
Basic service: people access a minimum of 20l/c/d of acceptable quality water from an improved source spending no more that 30 minutes per day
Sub-standard service: people access a service that is an improvement on having no service at all, but fails to meet the basic standard on one or more criteria
No service: people access water from insecure or unimproved sources, or sources that are too distant, time consuming or are of poor quality
Intermediate
High
No service
Sub-standard
Basic
13/04/2010 Dr. Patrick Moriarty
Quantity (l/c/d) Quality Accessibility
(min/c/d) Reliability Status
High >60 Good <10
Reliable/unreliable Improved
Intermediate >40
Acceptable
3030Basic
(normative) >20
Sub-standard >5 60
No service <5 Unacceptable >60 Unreliable/unsecure
Unimproved
WASHCost proposed indicators
13/04/2010 Dr. Patrick Moriarty
Indicator Mozambique Ghana Burkina Faso India
AccessDistanceNo normCrowding< 500 people
Distance< 500 mCrowdingBH < 300 peopleW < 150 peopleSP < 300 people
DistancePS <1000 mSS <500 mCrowdingSP < 300 peopleBP < 10 peoplePDC < 100 peopleBF < 1000 people
Distance< 1600m horizontal< 100m vertical (in hilly area)CrowdingHP/SP < 250 peopleSocial exclusion
Quantity 20 lpcd PS - 20 lpcdHC - 60 lpcd
PS - 20 lpcdHC - 40-60 lpcd
40 lpcd70 lpcd (with high livestock density)
Quality WHO guidelines Ghana Standards WHO guidelines Bureau of Indian Standard
Reliability Nothing definedRural – nothing definedSS % time available >95%
Nothing defined Security conceptAt least once in a day
Service levels in WASHCost countries
13/04/2010 Dr. Patrick Moriarty
Coverage:Access (population): YesAccess (distance): NoReliability: No??? (none working when visited)Quantity: No/Yes?? (average wet/dry – domestic/non-domestic)
Example from Ghana
13/04/2010 Dr. Patrick Moriarty
To compare the costs of services it is first necessary to agree on a definition of the service.
A generic service ladder has been developed based on examples of norms used in the WASHCost countries and linked to the JMP ladder.
The usefulness of the service ladder will be further tested by WASHCost.
Conclusions and next steps
13/04/2010 Dr. Patrick Moriarty
Thank You
For more information:www.washcost.infoWorking paper no.2