Download - Keith Christman - Aquasur - PVC - Pipe
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Trends in PVC Pipe Use
Keith Christman
Director, Industry Affairs
The Vinyl Institute
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Todays DiscussionTodays DiscussionPVC: The Proven PerformerPVC: The Proven Performer
Market DataMarket Data Reasons for Success inReasons for Success in
Water MarketWater Market
Reasons for Success InReasons for Success In
Sanitary Sewer MarketSanitary Sewer Market
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
PVC Pipe and FittingsPVC Pipe and FittingsIndustry GrowthIndustry Growth
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
P
VCP
ipeandFittings(lbs)
(Billions)
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Year
Worldwide
USA & Canada
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
US Pipe Market by ApplicationUS Pipe Market by Application(millions of feet)(millions of feet)
ITEMITEM 19771977 19881988 20002000
Total Pipe MarketTotal Pipe Market 48884888 65756575 97849784
Potable Water PipePotable Water Pipe 18501850 27812781 38453845
Drain & Sewer PipeDrain & Sewer Pipe 501501 624624 825825
Drain, Waste & Vent PipeDrain, Waste & Vent Pipe 537537 648648 850850
ConduitConduit 444444 780780 13351335
Drainage & Irrigation PipeDrainage & Irrigation Pipe 253253 247247 320320
Oil & Gas PipeOil & Gas Pipe 853853 630630 11841184Process PipeProcess Pipe 6969 6969 115115
Structural, Mechanical &Structural, Mechanical &
Misc.Misc.381381 796796 13101310
Source: Leading Edge Reports
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
US Pipe Market By MaterialUS Pipe Market By Material(millions of feet)(millions of feet)
ITEMITEM 19771977 19881988 20002000
Total Pipe MarketTotal Pipe Market 48884888 65756575 97849784
PlasticPlastic 16601660 36003600 56435643
SteelSteel 12241224 10271027 16951695
CopperCopper 10181018 10021002 13421342
ConcreteConcrete 372372 476476 599599
Cast IronCast Iron 348348 273273 245245
AluminumAluminum 101101 157157 253253ClayClay 9797 3030 1717
Asbestos CementAsbestos Cement 6868 1010 ----
Source: Leading Edge Reports
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
US Plastic Pipe Market By ResinUS Plastic Pipe Market By Resin(millions of pounds)(millions of pounds)
ITEM 1980 1990 1995 2000
Plastic Pipe Demand 2667 4520 5330
4300
605
185
125
28
87
6160
Polyvinyl Chloride 1969 3625 5000
Polyethylene 367 519 688
ReinforcedThermosets
126 159 210
ABS 150 119 130
Chlorinated PVC 13 23 33
Other Resins 42 75 99
Source: Freedonia Group
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Buried Pipe Markets inBuried Pipe Markets inthe US and Canadathe US and Canada
1997 Market
1999 Market
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
US and CanadianUS and Canadian
Buried Pipe MarketsBuried Pipe Markets
by Application (1999)by Application (1999)
Water
Sanitary
Storm Sewer/Hwy Drainage
30%
28%
42%
Diameters 4 inches and LargerTotal Pipe Length = 1037 million feet
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
US and CanadianUS and Canadian
Buried Pipe MarketsBuried Pipe Markets
by Materials (1999)by Materials (1999)
PVCPEDuctile IronConcreteCorrugated Steel
42%
12%
Diameters 4 inches and Larger
Total Pipe Length = 1037 million feet
33%
6%7%
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Buried Sanitary Sewer MarketBuried Sanitary Sewer Market
(4 and larger)(4 and larger)US and Canada (US and Canada (19991999))
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
PVC PE DI Conc. Clay
PVC
PE
DI
Conc.
Clay
Total Length = 290 million feet
73%
11% 11%
3% 2%
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
66%
30%
3% 1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
PVC DI PE Concrete
Buried Water MarketBuried Water Market(4 and larger)(4 and larger)
US and Canada (US and Canada (19991999))
Total Length = 310 million feet
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Todays DiscussionTodays DiscussionPVC: The Proven PerformerPVC: The Proven Performer
Introduction toIntroduction to UniUni--BellBell
Market DataMarket Data
Reasons for Success In Water MarketReasons for Success In Water Market
-- Independent Studies and CaseIndependent Studies and Case
HistoriesHistories
-- Performance AdvantagesPerformance Advantages Reasons for Success In Sanitary Sewer MarketReasons for Success In Sanitary Sewer Market
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Research conducted by University of
California Sponsored and published by AWWARF
in 1987
Survey of 404 utilities 228 (56%) use PVC water pipe Confirmed annual increases in
installations of PVC and decreases iniron and steel (1961-1985)
OperationalOperational
Experience SurveyExperience Survey
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Level of SatisfactionPipe
Material
Median
Rating
Mean
Rating
PVC 100% 90%
Iron 95% 88%
Operational ExperienceOperational Experience
SurveySurvey
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Relative Repair RatesRelative Repair Rates(better/same/worse)(better/same/worse)
Pipe Material Better:Worse Ratio
PVC 8.8:1
Iron 4.8:1
OperationalOperational
Experience SurveyExperience Survey
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Evaluation of PVC PipeEvaluation of PVC Pipe
PerformancePerformance
Research conducted byResearch conducted by
Utah State UniversityUtah State University
Sponsored and publishedSponsored and published
by AWWARF in 1994by AWWARF in 1994 Survey of 162 utilitiesSurvey of 162 utilities
125 (77%) use PVC Water125 (77%) use PVC Water
PipePipe
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Materials Included:Materials Included:
PVC (80% AWWA, 20% ASTM)PVC (80% AWWA, 20% ASTM)
Ductile Iron (DI)Ductile Iron (DI)
Cast Iron (CI)Cast Iron (CI)
Reinforced Concrete (RC)Reinforced Concrete (RC)
Steel (ST)Steel (ST)
Evaluation of PVC PipeEvaluation of PVC Pipe
PerformancePerformance
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Numerical Ratings Based on Actual ExperienceNumerical Ratings Based on Actual Experience(1= Lowest Rating, 5=Highest Rating)(1= Lowest Rating, 5=Highest Rating)
CategoryCategory AverageAverage
RatingRating
Installation: Ease of handling, careInstallation: Ease of handling, care
required in installing, availability ofrequired in installing, availability ofcompatible appurtenancescompatible appurtenances
4.04.0
Hydraulics: Interior smoothness, lowHydraulics: Interior smoothness, lowfrictional head loss, and energy savings.frictional head loss, and energy savings. 4.54.5
4.14.1Life Expectancy: Longevity, resistance toLife Expectancy: Longevity, resistance to
internal and external attack/corrosioninternal and external attack/corrosion
Evaluation of PVC PipeEvaluation of PVC Pipe
PerformancePerformance
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Water Main Break Data onWater Main Break Data on
Different Pipe Materials forDifferent Pipe Materials for1992 and 19931992 and 1993
Research conducted byResearch conducted by
the National Researchthe National Research
Council Canada (NRC)Council Canada (NRC) Survey of 21Survey of 21
Municipalities AcrossMunicipalities Across
CanadaCanada
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Water Main Break DataWater Main Break Data
Water Main Break Data onWater Main Break Data on
Different Pipe Materials forDifferent Pipe Materials for1992 and 19931992 and 1993
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
AverageAverage
Repair CostRepair Cost(per 100 km(per 100 km
of pipe)of pipe)
Water Main Break Data onWater Main Break Data on
Different Pipe Materials forDifferent Pipe Materials for1992 and 19931992 and 1993
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Calgary Case HistoryCalgary Case History
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Calgary Case HistoryCalgary Case History
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Calgary Case HistoryCalgary Case History
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Calgary Case HistoryCalgary Case History
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Calgary Case HistoryCalgary Case History
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Calgary Case HistoryCalgary Case History
1500 km of PVC inCalgarys 4000 km
water system
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Todays DiscussionTodays DiscussionPVC: The Proven PerformerPVC: The Proven Performer
Introduction toIntroduction to UniUni--BellBell
Market DataMarket Data Reasons for Success In Sanitary Sewer MarketReasons for Success In Sanitary Sewer Market
Reasons for Success In Water MarketReasons for Success In Water Market
--
Independent Studies and CaseIndependent Studies and CaseHistoriesHistories
-- Performance AdvantagesPerformance Advantages
Industry TrendsIndustry Trends
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Performance AdvantagesPerformance Advantages
Superior HydraulicsSuperior Hydraulics
Corrosion ResistanceCorrosion Resistance Water QualityWater Quality
Longevity and DurabilityLongevity and Durability
Tight JointsTight Joints
FlexibilityFlexibility
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
PVC: 150PVC: 150
Lower lifetime pumping and maintenance costsLower lifetime pumping and maintenance costs
HydraulicsHydraulics
LongLong--Term HazenTerm Hazen--Williams C value:Williams C value:
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
PVC is a nonPVC is a non--conductor of electricity.conductor of electricity.
It is immune to electrochemical reactionsIt is immune to electrochemical reactions
caused by acids, bases and salts.caused by acids, bases and salts.
It resists both internal and externalIt resists both internal and external
corrosion.corrosion.
Corrosion ResistanceCorrosion Resistance
Corrosion ResistanceCorrosion Resistance
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Corrosion ResistanceCorrosion Resistance
In the United StatesIn the United Statesalone,alone, the totalthe total
annual direct cost ofannual direct cost of
corrosion for drinkingcorrosion for drinkingwater and sewerwater and sewer
systems is $36systems is $36
billionbillion, which includes, which includesthe costs of replacing aging infrastructure,the costs of replacing aging infrastructure,
lost water from unaccounted for leaks,lost water from unaccounted for leaks,
corrosion inhibitors, internal mortar liners,corrosion inhibitors, internal mortar liners,external coatings, andexternal coatings, and cathodiccathodic protection.protection.
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AWWA Estimatesthat 15% of treatedwater is lost
2.5 Trillion Gallonsof Water Lost EveryYear
Water is Very Precious Resource
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Pressure transientscan cause drinkingwater
contaminationthrough cracks
Source: LeChevallier
Cracks cause contamination
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Effects of DistributionMaterials on Bacterial
Regrowth, JAWWA, July2003
PVC Systems Typicallyhave the lowest levels ofbacteria, iron had thehighest
And lower chlorineresidual needed to
maintain quality
PVC Pipe Maintains Water Quality
Pressure Pipe LongevityPressure Pipe Longevity
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Pressure Pipe LongevityPressure Pipe Longevity
Edmonton 18 Year Old AWWAC900 Dig-Up Netherlands 35 Year Old PVCPressure Pipe Dig-Up
Uni-Bell 22 Year Old PVCPressure Pipe Dig-Up
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Germany 70 years of experience with PVCpipes
Actual performance of the pipes has
comfortably exceeded the performancepredicted by the long term pressure testsmore than 60 years ago.
The actual service life of PVC pipes islikely to be more than double the original50 year design life.
Long Term Performance
California Northridge Earthquake
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After 6.7 California
earthquake: PVC main lines remain
in service while
Breaks for asbestoscement, steel number inthe hundreds
California Northridge Earthquake
Performance
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Todays DiscussionTodays DiscussionPVC: The Proven PerformerPVC: The Proven Performer
Introduction toIntroduction to UniUni--BellBell Market DataMarket Data
Reasons for Success inReasons for Success in
Water MarketWater Market Reasons for Success InReasons for Success In
Sanitary Sewer MarketSanitary Sewer Market
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
US EPA:US EPA:Regulatory ForceRegulatory Force
Water Pollution Control
Act, 1972
Clean Water Act, 1977
T di i l PiT diti l Pi
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Traditional PipeTraditional Pipe
PerformancePerformance
Source:
A ClinicalReview
of Infiltration/Inflow, April,2001 of WEFsMagazine -WaterEnvironment& Technology
Benefits of PVCBenefits of PVC
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Benefits of PVCBenefits of PVC
in Sewer Applicationsin Sewer Applications
Tight JointsTight Joints Flexible Strength with SafetyFlexible Strength with Safety
Superior HydraulicsSuperior Hydraulics
Excellent Corrosion ResistanceExcellent Corrosion Resistance Longevity and DurabilityLongevity and Durability
Fantastic Abrasion ResistanceFantastic Abrasion Resistance
Easier to InstallEasier to Install Longer LengthsLonger Lengths
Ti h J iTi ht J i t
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Tight JointsTight Joints
Allowab le Inf ilt rat ion
(gallons/inch-mile-day)
0-99
9%
100-199
24%
Greater than
200
13%
200
54%
25 gal/in-dia/mile/dayMAXIMUM INFILTRATION
Flexible StrengthFlexible Strength
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
with Safetywith Safety
100 of equivalent height of cover 3/4 crushed rock embedment 2.7% deflection
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Mannings n: 0.009
More Efficient = Material SavingsMore Efficient = Material Savings
Superior HydraulicsSuperior Hydraulics
Case HistoryCase History
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
PROBLEMPROBLEM Leaking badly, cracked and broken joints, severe corrosion,Leaking badly, cracked and broken joints, severe corrosion,
STATEMENT:STATEMENT: danger of collapse, and soil infiltration.danger of collapse, and soil infiltration.
PROECT SCOPE:PROECT SCOPE: 7,900 feet of 24 to 54 closed7,900 feet of 24 to 54 closed--profileprofile sliplinerslipliner pipepipe
It was only a matter of time before all 28 sections of pipe [coIt was only a matter of time before all 28 sections of pipe [concrete and clay]ncrete and clay]
would no longer be able to hold up the ground above them.would no longer be able to hold up the ground above them.
In sewers with diameters larger than 15 inches that have turbulIn sewers with diameters larger than 15 inches that have turbulent flow, gases areent flow, gases are
released promoting acid production at the crown that eats away areleased promoting acid production at the crown that eats away at the concrete. Ast the concrete. As
the concrete is devoured, the pipes wire reinforcement begins cthe concrete is devoured, the pipes wire reinforcement begins corroding and theorroding and the
structural integrity of the pipe is threatened. Moreover, surfastructural integrity of the pipe is threatened. Moreover, surface roughness, due toce roughness, due to
pitting, slows the rate of flow. When our crews got in there topitting, slows the rate of flow. When our crews got in there to clean, between theclean, between the
debris and the condition of the walls of the pipe, the line wasdebris and the condition of the walls of the pipe, the line was carrying onecarrying one--half tohalf totwotwo--thirds its [original] capacity.thirds its [original] capacity.
I was amazed at the improved flow after we completed each line.I was amazed at the improved flow after we completed each line. In many lines,In many lines,
flow was enhanced 35flow was enhanced 35--40 percent40 percent
yyPLACE:PLACE: Baton Rouge, LouisianaBaton Rouge, Louisiana
DATE:DATE: 19981998
PVC NEWS: Spring, 1998PVC NEWS: Spring, 1998
ExcellentExcellent
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
ExcellentExcellent
Corrosion ResistanceCorrosion Resistance
Case HistoryCase History
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
PLACE:PLACE: Hayward, CaliforniaHayward, California
DATE:DATE: March 20, 1995March 20, 1995
PVC NEWS:PVC NEWS: Summer, 1995Summer, 1995
PROBLEMPROBLEM Corroded andCorroded and
STATEMENT:STATEMENT: missing crown frommissing crown from36 concrete sewer36 concrete sewer
pipepipe
Severe soil migrationSevere soil migration
PROECTPROECT 400 feet of 30400 feet of 30
SCOPE:SCOPE: closedclosed--profileprofile
slipliningsliplining pipe.pipe.
Upon review of the sewer line, the cityUpon review of the sewer line, the city
determined that the top of over 350 (100determined that the top of over 350 (100
m) of concrete sewer line downstream ofm) of concrete sewer line downstream of
this manhole was either missing orthis manhole was either missing or
unable to sustain load.unable to sustain load.
y
Longevity and DurabilityLongevity and Durability
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Longevity and DurabilityLongevity and Durability
Fantastic AbrasionFantastic Abrasion
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Fantastic Abrasion
ResistanceResistance
1991 study at CSU1991 study at CSU
Aggressive abrasion conditionsAggressive abrasion conditions
PVC showed very little wearPVC showed very little wear
and exhibited noand exhibited nomeasurable sensitivity tomeasurable sensitivity to
increasing pHincreasing pH
Easier to InstallEasier to Install
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
and Longer Lengthsand Longer Lengths
Case HistoryCase History
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
Because of the lighter weight product, the construction crew waBecause of the lighter weight product, the construction crew was able to uses able to use
lighter weight equipment for loading, unloading and trenching.lighter weight equipment for loading, unloading and trenching. This was reallyThis was really
important in reducing some of the necessary traffic congestion.important in reducing some of the necessary traffic congestion. Besides theBesides thelighter weight, the longer lengths also helped speed up installalighter weight, the longer lengths also helped speed up installation.tion.
We were able to keep twoWe were able to keep two--lane traffic going while the pipe was being laid.lane traffic going while the pipe was being laid.
Less space was required for the storage of PVC pipe over RCP atLess space was required for the storage of PVC pipe over RCP atthe job site.the job site.
PLACE:PLACE: Houston, TexasHouston, Texas
PVC NEWS: Spring, 2001PVC NEWS: Spring, 2001
PROBLEM Maintain traffic flowPROBLEM Maintain traffic flowSTATEMENT: Reduce job siteSTATEMENT: Reduce job site
congestioncongestion
Finish on scheduleFinish on schedule
PROJECTPROJECT 1,200 feet of 481,200 feet of 48
SCOPE:SCOPE: closedclosed--profile pipe.profile pipe.
Benefits of PVCBenefits of PVC
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Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry Technology Serving the Water and Sewer Industry
in Sewer Applicationsin Sewer Applications
Tight JointsTight Joints Flexible Strength with SafetyFlexible Strength with Safety
Superior HydraulicsSuperior Hydraulics
Excellent Corrosion ResistanceExcellent Corrosion Resistance Longevity and DurabilityLongevity and Durability
Fantastic Abrasion ResistanceFantastic Abrasion Resistance
Easier to InstallEasier to Install Longer LengthsLonger Lengths