Download - Kaplan Turbines (1)
![Page 1: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Kaplan turbine
![Page 2: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Jebba, Nigeria
*Q = 376 m3/s
*H = 27,6 m
*P = 96 MW
D0 = 8,5 m
De = 7,1 m
Di = 3,1 m
B0 = 2,8 m
![Page 4: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Machicura, CHILE
*Q = 144 m3/s
*H = 36,7 m
*P = 48 MW
D0 = 7,2 m
De = 4,2 m
Di = 1,9 m
B0 = 1,3 m
![Page 5: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Outlet
draft tube
Outlet
runner
Inlet
runner
Outlet
guide vane Inlet
guide vane
![Page 6: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Flow rate Q
Runner blade angle
f = constant
Hydraulic efficiency
![Page 7: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Hill chart
![Page 9: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
c1
v1
u1
c2 v2
u2
Hg
cucu 2u21u1h
![Page 10: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Pressure distribution and
torque
Lift
Drag
Torque
Arm
L
D
c
![Page 11: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
LChord
4
a
FLift
FDrag
v
AVCF
AVCF
DD
LL
2
2
2
1
2
1
![Page 12: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Blade profile data
L
D
C
C
Angle of attack
Angle of attack
Average relative
velocity
d
v
![Page 13: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Pressure distribution and
torque
Pressure side
Suction side
Cord length, l 0,24 · l
Single profile
Cascade
The pressure at the outlet is lower for a cascade than
for a single profile. The cavitation performance will
therefore be reduced in a cascade.
![Page 14: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Radial distribution of the
blade profile
CL =Lift coefficient for a cascade
CL1 =Lift coefficient for a single profile
The ratio t/l influences the lift coefficient in a
cascade. The cord length for a blade will therefore
increase when the radius becomes increase
![Page 15: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Radial distribution of the
blade profile
![Page 16: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Flow in the axial plane
The figure shows blades with two different design of
the blade in radial direction. This is because it will
influence the secondary flow in the radial direction
![Page 17: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Main dimension of a
Kaplan turbine
![Page 18: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
n
o Q
1.5
Cml =0.12 + 0.18 0
Cm
l
2.0
0
0
0.5
(tilnærmet)
1.0
2.5 3.0
m1
n
m1
22
n
c
4QD
c4
dDQ
Diameter of the runner
![Page 19: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Height of the guide vanes
and runner diameter
0.4
0.3
300 400
ns
B /D0
d/D
d/D
, B
/D0
500 700600 800 900
0.5
0.6
0.7
45
n
sH
Pnn
![Page 20: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Gap between hub and ring
and the runner blades
Gap between the
blade and hub
Gap between the
blade and ring
Spalteåpning x =1000s/D
Vir
kn
ingsg
rad
0
0.80
0.85
0.90
1
s = x 10 d-3
2 3 4 5 6
Eff
icie
ncy
Gap
![Page 21: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Runaway speed
kavitasjonskoeffisient
Rusn
ingst
all/
norm
alt
urt
all
Voit h
Cavitation coefficient
Runaw
ay s
pee
d
H
H10 S
The figure shows different runaway speed at
different runner blade openings. The runaway speed
is dependent of the cavitation as shown in the figure
![Page 22: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Hill chart
![Page 23: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Example
• Find the dimensions D, d and Bo
• Given data:
![Page 24: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
93,178,674,0Qn
o
sm7,171682,92Hg2
srad1,13
60
2125
60
2n
1m74,0
sm7,17
srad1,13
Hg2
2
3
nm78,6
sm7,17
sm120
Hg2
Speed number:
![Page 25: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Diameter, D:
467,018,012,01 o
mc
mc
QD
m
n 3,4467,0
478,64
1
![Page 26: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Diameter, d:
59016
22826125
4545
m
Hprpm
H
Pnn
n
s
0.4
0.3
300 400
ns
B /D0
d/D
d/D
, B
/D0
500 700600 800 900
0.5
0.6
0.7
m9,145,0Dd45,0D
d
![Page 27: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Height, B:
0.4
0.3
300 400
ns
B /D0
d/D
d/D
, B
/D0
500 700600 800 900
0.5
0.6
0.7
m76,141,0DB41,0D
BO
O
![Page 28: Kaplan Turbines (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022013102/542a7753219acd783b8b4725/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Number of vanes, z:
95,0t
l
5z
Num
ber
of
bla
des
z