K. V. Petrides
Trait emotional intelligence
K.V. PetridesK.V. Petrides
London Psychometric LaboratoryLondon Psychometric LaboratoryDepartment of Psychology, University College London, UKDepartment of Psychology, University College London, UK
E-mail: [email protected]: k.petrides@ucl.ac.ukwww.psychometriclab.comwww.psychometriclab.com
Google: trait EIGoogle: trait EI
October 2009, NTU Taipei
K. V. Petrides
Aims
• To give an indication of the main divisions of the research programme
• To mention, as opposed to explain, core research findings– All papers are downloadable from
www.psychometriclab.com
• To bring to your attention the range of assessment materials available via LPL
October 2009, NTU Taipei
K. V. Petrides
Background & milestones• Thornike’s ‘social intelligence’.• Gardner’s (1983) ‘multiple intelligences’.
– Intrapersonal intelligence– Interpersonal intelligence
• ‘Emotional intelligence’ as a term appears in Greenspan (1989), Leuner (1966), Payne (1986).
• Salovey & Mayer (1990)• Goleman (1995)• Petrides and colleagues (2000-)
– Trait EI versus Ability EI– Trait emotional intelligence research programme
October 2009, NTU Taipei
K. V. Petrides
Operationalization of EI
• Two crucial issues are involved in the operationalization of EI (and of any other construct):– What is the sampling domain of construct?– How do we measure the various components of the
sampling domain?• Until recently – and even now – the first question was
resolved by having as many sampling domains and EI definitions as researchers in the field.
• Until recently – and even now – the second question was not even considered, with researchers assuming that the use of self-report or maximum-performance tests has no implications for operationalization.
October 2009, NTU Taipei
K. V. Petrides
Trait EI vs ability EI
• Ability EI (or ‘cognitive-emotional ability’) in theory encompasses emotion-related cognitive abilities and should be measured via maximum-performance tests (although this has not proved possible).
• Trait EI (or ‘trait emotional self-efficacy’) encompasses emotion-related dispositions and self-perceptions and should be measured via self-report questionnaires.
October 2009, NTU Taipei
K. V. Petrides
Trait EI vs ability EI II
October 2009, NTU Taipei
KV Petrides
Veridical scoring in IQ tests
Raven’s matricesNonverbal analogies
• The existence of single, invariant, and objectively derived correct response is a defining characteristic of intelligence testing.
K. V. Petrides
Operationalization of ability EI• If ability EI is a new cognitive ability, then items
or tasks with emotional content need to be developed such that they can be scored according to truly veridical criteria.
• In other words, the construct in its entirety ought to be assessed through items that can be responded to correctly or incorrectly.
• Is it possible to develop EI items along cognitive ability lines? – NO: emotional experience is inherently subjective
(Brody, 2004; Locke, 2005; Pérez, Petrides, & Furnham, 2005; Watson, 2000).
October 2009, NTU Taipei
K. V. Petrides
Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT)
October 2009, NTU Taipei
K. V. Petrides
MSCEIT II• Brody, N. (2004). What cognitive intelligence is and what emotional intelligence
is not. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 234-238.• Conte, J. M. (2005). A review and critique of emotional intelligence measures.
Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 433-440.• Keele, S. M. & Bell, R. C. (2008). The factorial validity of emotional
intelligence: An unresolved issue. Personality and individual differences, 44, 487-500.
• Ortony, A., Revelle, W., & Zinbarg, R. (2007). Why emotional intelligence needs a fluid component. In G. Matthews, M. Zeidner, & R. D. Roberts (Eds.), The science of emotional intelligence. Knowns and unknowns - Series in Affective Science (pp.288-304). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• O’Sullivan, M., & Ekman, P. (2005). Facial expression recognition and emotional intelligence. In G. Geher, (Ed.). Measuring emotional intelligence: Common ground and controversy. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishing.
• Rossen, E., Kranzler, J. H., & Algina, J. (2008). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test V2.0 (MSCEIT). Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1258-1269.
• Wilhelm, O. (2005). Measures of emotional intelligence: practice and standards. In R. Schulze, & R. D. Roberts (Eds.), International handbook of emotional intelligence (pp. 131-154). Seattle, WA: Hogrefe & Huber.
K. V. Petrides
Trait emotional intelligence
October 2009, NTU Taipei
K. V. Petrides
Trait EI• Trait emotional intelligence is a constellation of
emotion-related self-perceptions located at the lower levels of personality hierarchies (Petrides, Pita, & Kokkinaki, 2007).
• The trait EI sampling domain aims to provide comprehensive coverage of the emotion-related aspects of personality.
• Trait EI rejects the notion that emotions can be artificially objectified in order to be made amenable to veridical scoring, along IQ lines.
• An alternative label for the construct is “trait emotional self-efficacy”.
October 2009, NTU Taipei
K. V. Petrides
The sampling domain of trait EI
• Petrides & Furnham (2001; EJP):
October 2009, NTU Taipei
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October 2009, NTU Taipei
K. V. Petrides
Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue , TEIQue-SF, TEIQue-ASF, TEIQue-CF,TEIQue 360o)
• 153 items, 15 subscales, 4 factors, global trait EI score.
• TEIQue translations– Greek
– French
– Spanish
– Chinese
– Portuguese
– Dutch
– Norwegian
– Croatian
– Serbian
– Italian
• TEIQue-SF– 30 items, global trait EI score
• Adolescent TEIQue-ASF
• TEIQue 360o
• Theory-based
• Research-based
• Peer-reviewed
• Open-access
October 2009, NTU Taipei
K. V. Petrides
Trait EI factor structure
October 2009, NTU Taipei
K. V. Petrides
Trait EI: Experimental studiesPetrides & Furnham, 2003; EJP
Tension & Depression Anger & Vigour Confusion & Total POMS
N = 30; Residualized Trait EI scores October 2009, NTU Taipei
July 2009, Athens GREECE
K. V. Petrides
November, 2007, UCLan, UK
Trait EI and academic performance I
Petrides, Frederickson, & Furnham, 2004; N = 650; PAID
KV Petrides
Trait EI and academic performance II
+1 SD +1 SD
Petrides, Frederickson, & Furnham, 2004; N = 650; PAID
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Trait EI and academic performance III
Petrides, Frederickson, & Furnham, 2004; N = 650; PAID
K. V. PetridesKV Petrides
Trait EI and behaviour at school• Pupils with high trait EI scores tend to have fewer unauthorised
absences (truancy).
• Pupils with high trait EI scores are less likely have been expelled from their school for serious breaches of discipline (exclusions).
<.05 <.05
Petrides, Frederickson, & Furnham, 2004; PAID
October 2009, NTU Taipei
K. V. PetridesKV Petrides
Self- and other-ratings of trait EI
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Petrides, Sangareau, Furnham, & Frederickson, 2006; 10.8 years; Soc Dev
Mavroveli, Petrides, Rieffe, & Bakker, 2007; BJDP
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Trait EI in children I
Mavroveli, Petrides, Shove, & Whitehead, 2008; ECAPOctober 2009, NTU Taipei
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Trait EI in children II
Mavroveli, Petrides, Shove, & Whitehead, 2008; ECAP October 2009, NTU Taipei
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Trait EI in children III
Mavroveli, Petrides, Sangareau, & Furnham, 2009; BJEP October 2009, NTU Taipei
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Trait EI and teen self-harm
Mikolajczak, Petrides, & Hurry, 2009; BJHP
October 2009, NTU Taipei
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Trait EI and communicative anxiety
Dewaele, Petrides, & Furnham, 2008; Language Learning
L1; N = 425 L2; N = 406
October 2009, NTU Taipei
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Trait EI in Asperger’s Syndrome
October 2009, NTU Taipei
July 2009, Athens GREECE
K. V. Petrides
Behavioral genetics of trait EI Vernon, Petrides, Bratko, & Shermer, J. A. (2008); Emotion
K. V. Petrides
Trait EI and big five – Genetic analysis
Vernon, Villani, Aitken Schermer, & Petrides, 2008; TRHG
N E O A C
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Trait EI and humor styles – Genetic analysisV
ern
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09;
JID
October 2009, NTU Taipei
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Gender differences in trait EI
TEIQue data; N = 351; p = ns
• Overall, small or non-existent gender differences in global trait EI scores.
Modified EQ-i data; N = 166; p < .01
TEIQue-SF data; N = 668; p < .01 Schutte et al. scale data; N = 260; p = ns
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JSP
K. V. Petrides
Incremental validity of trait EIN = 200
N = 212; Spain
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Trait SI - Definition
• The domain of SI lacks the objectivity required to be amenable to maximum-performance measurement.
• Trait SI (or trait social self-efficacy) is a constellation of social self-perceptions located at the lower levels of hierarchical personality structures.
K. V. Petrides
October 2009, NTU Taipei
K. V. Petrides
The sampling domain of trait SI• Sampling domain:
Negotiating Perspective taking
Communicative anxiety
Networking Savoir vivre
Social forecasting
Social relationships
Social confidence
Social attentiveness
Managing others
Understanding others
Social desirability
Teamwork/cooperation
Social adaptability
Social interest/social empathy
October 2009, NTU Taipei
K. V. Petrides
Trait Social Intelligence Questionnaire (v. 1.5)
(TSIQue & TSIQue-SF)
All versions and forms available free for research purposes
• Internal consistencies are high at all levels.
• Factor structure– 15 facets– 3 factors (Social acting, Social
thinking, Social relating)– Global trait SI
October 2009, NTU Taipei
K. V. Petrides
The trait intelligences research program
International linksUK, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, India, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Spain.
Current & past funding bodiesESRC
Nuffield Foundation
British Academy
University of London
wwwwww.psychometriclab.com
Research divisionsPsychometric
Educational
Industrial/Organizational
Child/Human Development
Behavioral Genetic
StudentsPhD: E. Cole
BA, BSc, MA, MSc, MPhil
October 2009, NTU Taipei
