Download - JunKride Synthetic Sea
Our Our SynthetiSyntheti
c Seac Sea
Our Our SynthetiSyntheti
c Seac Sea
Marcus Eriksen, PhDMarcus Eriksen, PhDAnna CumminsAnna CumminsAlgalita Marine Research Algalita Marine Research FoundationFoundation
1992199260 billion60 billionpoundspounds(EPA,1992)(EPA,1992)
20042004115 115 billionbillionpoundspounds(ACC, (ACC, 2005)2005)
21st Century = The Plasticene 21st Century = The Plasticene EraEra
Throwaway Living Throwaway Living Life Magazine, 1955Life Magazine, 1955
In a In a “Throwawa“Throwaway” society…y” society…
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……where is “Away”?where is “Away”?
(California Integrated Waste Management Board, “Plastics White (California Integrated Waste Management Board, “Plastics White Paper” 2003)Paper” 2003)
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Here is Here is “AWAY”“AWAY”
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LAYSAN ALBATROSSLAYSAN ALBATROSS
Where Where does it does it come come from?from?
80% runoff - 20% maritime industry80% runoff - 20% maritime industry
United Nations ReportUnited Nations Report
Where is it going?Where is it going?
North Pacific GyreNorth Pacific Gyre(approx. 5 million sq.mi.)(approx. 5 million sq.mi.)
5 Subtropical Gyres5 Subtropical Gyres
(Maximenko, IPRC Climate, vol. 8, no. 2, 2008)
Expeditions to the Expeditions to the North Pacific GyreNorth Pacific Gyre
The Manta TrawlThe Manta TrawlSkims 20 cm of ocean surface
with a 333 micron mesh net.
The mass of plastic was The mass of plastic was 6 times6 times heavier than the heavier than the total bio-mass on the ocean surface in our study area. total bio-mass on the ocean surface in our study area.
Surface abundance was Surface abundance was .002 grams/m.002 grams/m22..
1999 1999 Plastic Plastic Density Density EstimateEstimate
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2008 Expedition
2008 Expedition
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Surface abundance today is Surface abundance today is .004 .004 grams/mgrams/m22, , doublingdoubling in 9 years. in 9 years.
2008 Plastic Density Estimat
e
2008 Plastic Density Estimat
e
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2008 MYCTOPHID
STUDIES
2008 MYCTOPHID
STUDIES
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Lowiena interrupta Hygophum reinhardii
Symbolophorus
californiensis
Myctophum
aurolanternatum
Astronesthes
indopacifica
Cololabis saira
Stomach AnalysisStomach Analysis
PLASTIC
PLANKTON
Plastic IngestionPlastic Ingestion
Plastic IngestionPlastic Ingestion
Record Holder - 84 fragments
Record Holder - 84 fragments
Plastic IngestionPlastic Ingestion
Alarming ResultsAlarming ResultsTotal Fish = 671 (46% Total Fish = 671 (46% immature)immature)
6 Species:6 Species: Count % with Count % with Ingested Ingested PlasticPlastic
Astronesthes indopacifica Astronesthes indopacifica 66 1616
Cololabis sairaCololabis saira 51 51 16 16
Hygophum reinhardiiHygophum reinhardii 43 43 2323
Loweina interrupaLoweina interrupa 26 26 8 8
Myctophum aurolanternatumMyctophum aurolanternatum 460460 3737
Symbolophorus californiensisSymbolophorus californiensis 74 74 565635% had plastic in the stomachs35% had plastic in the stomachs
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PHASE 2
Raft across Pacific Ocean
to get attention
PHASE 2
Raft across Pacific Ocean
to get attention
PHASE 3
Bicycle 2000 miles to give
samples away
PHASE 3
Bicycle 2000 miles to give
samples away
PHASE 1
Gyre expedition to get samples
PHASE 1
Gyre expedition to get samples
The Voyage of The Voyage of JUNKJUNKThe Voyage of The Voyage of JUNKJUNK
JUNK made from JUNKJUNK made from JUNK
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Rainbow RunnerRainbow Runner 17 fragments of plastic in 17 fragments of plastic in its stomachits stomach
Polycyclic Aromatic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons (PAH’s)(PAH’s)
PAH’s are a group of over 100 PAH’s are a group of over 100 different chemicals that are different chemicals that are formed during the incomplete formed during the incomplete burning of coal, oil and gas, burning of coal, oil and gas, garbage, or other organic garbage, or other organic substances like tobacco or substances like tobacco or charbroiled meat. PAHs are charbroiled meat. PAHs are found in coal tar, crude oil, found in coal tar, crude oil, creosote, and roofing tar, creosote, and roofing tar, plastics, and pesticides.plastics, and pesticides.
Organo- Chlorine Organo- Chlorine PesticidesPesticides They include DDT which They include DDT which was a major pesticide used was a major pesticide used in agriculture until it was in agriculture until it was banned.banned.
Polychlorinated Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)biphenyls (PCBs)
They’re mixtures of up to 209 They’re mixtures of up to 209 individual chlorinated individual chlorinated compounds (known as compounds (known as congeners) used as flame congeners) used as flame retardants.retardants.
POPs QUIZPOPs QUIZ
One plastic pellet can have up to 1 One plastic pellet can have up to 1 (hundred, thousand, or million) (hundred, thousand, or million) times higher concentration of POPs times higher concentration of POPs than ambient seawater. than ambient seawater. (Takada, 2001)(Takada, 2001)
How synthetic are we?
How synthetic are we?
287 chemicals detected in 10 newborns 287 chemicals detected in 10 newborns umbilical cord bloodumbilical cord blood
134 known human carcinogens134 known human carcinogens
158 toxic to brain and nervous 158 toxic to brain and nervous systemsystem
186 linked to infertility186 linked to infertility
151 shown to cause birth defects151 shown to cause birth defects
*EWG: Ten Americans, 2004
*DANGERS FROM EXPOSURE TO COMBINATION OF THESE CHEMICALS HAS YET TO BE STUDIED
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Can’t weCan’t weSCOOP IT SCOOP IT
ALL AWAY?ALL AWAY?
Imagine sifting Imagine sifting the Sahara.....the Sahara.....
What can we do?What can we do?
Is recycling the answer?Is recycling the answer?
• Inefficient recoveryInefficient recovery• Limited marketsLimited markets• ContaminationContamination• Low melting pointLow melting point• DowncyclingDowncycling
BioplasticBioplastic
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We must redesign products…
We must redesign products…
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Cradle to CradleCradle to Cradle
…and keep waste out of the sea.
…and keep waste out of the sea.
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Structural Controls
Beach and Reef Clean-ups
We will continue research…We will continue research…
North Pacific Gyre 2009 North Atlantic Gyre 2009
Fish Tissue Studies
……and teach others.and teach others.*JUNKRIDE: Cycling 2000 MILES*JUNKRIDE: Cycling 2000 MILES
*35 TALKS, 100 GYRE SAMPLE *35 TALKS, 100 GYRE SAMPLE GIVEAWAYS GIVEAWAYS
We can end the Age of Throw Away
Plastic..
We can end the Age of Throw Away
Plastic..
…and demand industry cooperation.
…and demand industry cooperation.
SOURCE OF STUDY OUTCOME FUNDING HARM NO HARM
Government 138 (93%) 11 (7%) 149
Chemical Corporations 0 (0%) 12 (100%) 12
138 23 161
vom Saal and Hughes, 2005 Environmental Health Perspectives
MANUFACTURED UNCERTAINTYEVIDENCE FOR BIAS DUE TO SOURCE OF FUNDING IN ANIMAL STUDIES WITH BPA
AT HUMAN EXPOSURE LEVELS (1997 - 2004)
WHAT CAN YOU DO
TODAY TO RISE ABOVE
PLASTICS?
WHAT CAN YOU DO
TODAY TO RISE ABOVE
PLASTICS?
1) REDUCE YOUR 1) REDUCE YOUR FORKPRINTFORKPRINT
1) REDUCE YOUR 1) REDUCE YOUR FORKPRINTFORKPRINT
TO GO WARE ECOUSABLE BRING YOUR OWN
2) SUPPORT LOCAL 2) SUPPORT LOCAL GROUPSGROUPS
2) SUPPORT LOCAL 2) SUPPORT LOCAL GROUPSGROUPS
Education KitEducation Kit Atlantic Gyre Atlantic Gyre
ExpeditionExpedition JUNK RIDEJUNK RIDE Synthetic MESynthetic ME
Education KitEducation Kit Atlantic Gyre Atlantic Gyre
ExpeditionExpedition JUNK RIDEJUNK RIDE Synthetic MESynthetic ME
3) SUPPORT ALGALITA3) SUPPORT ALGALITA3) SUPPORT ALGALITA3) SUPPORT ALGALITANEW EDUCATION KIT INCLUDES:NEW EDUCATION KIT INCLUDES:
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Let’s leave a better legacy.
Let’s leave a better legacy.
ALGALITA MARINE ALGALITA MARINE RESEARCH FOUNDATIONRESEARCH FOUNDATION
www.algalita.orgwww.algalita.org