How are you at taking notes? Is it easy for you to figure out what to write down? Why or why not?
Journal Topic for Wednesday, September 10th:
1. Puritan/Colonial (1588-1750)2. Revolutionary/Age of Reason (1750-
1800) 3. Romanticism (1800-1860)4. American Renaissance/
Transcendentalism/Anti-Transcendentalism (1840-1860)
5. Realism/Naturalism (1855-1900)6. Modernism (1900-1946) 7. Post-Modernism (1946-Present)8. Contemporary (1970s-Present)
Overview
- What & when (in the title on each slide)- Genre & Style (What was written & how it
was written)- Effects & Aspects (Why it was written in
the first place)- Historical Context (What was happening
in the world at the time)- Who some of the major players are (names
& pictures at the end of each section)
You will need to know:
Genre/Style: Sermons, religious tracts, diaries, personal narratives, religious poems. It was written in plain style.
Effect/Aspects: Instructive, reinforces authority of the Bible and the church. Very little imaginative literature was produced.
Historical Context: Puritan settlers fled England where they were being persecuted for their religious beliefs, and came to New England to have religious freedom.
Puritan/Colonial Period (1588-1750)
Thomas Hariot wrote A Brief and True Report of the New-Found Land of Virginia in 1588
quickly translated into Latin, French, and German; it was a window for the Old World to see an embellished version of the New World
Puritan/Colonial Period (1588-1750)
Anne Bradstreet first book of American poetry first published American woman born & educated in England
Puritan/Colonial Period (1588-1750)
Cotton Mather Comes from a long line of Puritan ministers
Harvard educated major participant in the Salem Witch Trials
William Bradford governor of Plymouthessentially the first historian of the new colonies
wrote Of Plymouth Plantation in 1651.
Genre/Style: Political Pamphlets, Travel Writing, and highly ornate persuasive writing.
Effect/Aspects: Patriotism and pride grows, creates unity about issues, and creates American character.
Historical Context: Encouraged Revolutionary War support.
Revolutionary Period/Age of Reason (1750-1800)
Benjamin Franklin scientist, writer, diplomat, Founding Father
Explored all new avenues of thought
Revolutionary Period/Age of Reason (1750-1800)
Thomas Paine great American propagandist Common Sense; presented argument for American freedom
The American Crisis; helped propel colonies into war
Genre/Style: Character Sketches, Slave Narratives, Poetry, and short stories.
Effect/Aspects: Integrity of nature and freedom of imagination.
Historical Context: Publishing expands and industrial revolution brings new ideas.
Romanticism (1800-1860)
Washington Irving known as “Father of American Literature”
first famous American authorAdvocated for stronger laws protecting authors’ works
Romanticism (1800-1860)
Edgar Allan PoeBad childhood made him despise the world
Darkly metaphysical visionRefined the short storyCreated detective fictionChallenged notion that poem had to be long & teach something
Genre/Style: Poetry, Short Stories, and Novels.
Effect/Aspects: Idealists, individualism, and symbolism.
Historical Context: People still see stories of persecuted young girls forced apart from her true love.
American Renaissance/ Transcendentalism/Anti-Transcendentalism
(1840-1860)
American Renaissance/ Transcendentalism/Anti-Transcendentalism
(1840-1860) Ralph Waldo Emerson Leader of the Transcendentalist movement
Emphasized individuality, freedom, and relationship of the soul to the world Henry David Thoreau
contemporary of Emerson wrote Civil Disobedience, argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state.
American Renaissance/ Transcendentalism/Anti-Transcendentalism
(1840-1860)
Nathaniel Hawthorne most stories written about New England
Focus on inherent evil and sin in man
Usually have a deep moral message writes in direct opposition to Transcendentalists
Genre/Style: Novels, Short Stories, Objective Narrator, and does not tell reader how to interpret the story.
Effect/Aspects: Social and Aesthetic realism.
Historical Context: Civil War brought demand for a more true type of literature.
Realism (1855-1900)
Realism (1855-1900)
Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) writes in strong, realistic everyday speech
first major author to come from center of the nation
Genre/Style: Poetry, Short Stories, and Novels
Effect/Aspects: people are victims of the laws of nature, the universe, and fate
Historical Context: tied very closely to Realism; people were looking at harshness of post-Civil War country
Naturalism (1865-1915)
Naturalism (1865-1915)
Jack London poor working class writerGritty, vivid stories of life and death struggles
Stephen Crane known for attacking patriotism, organized religion, and individualism
also confronted the meaninglessness of the world
Genre/Style: Novels, Plays, Poetry, experiments in writing styles, interior monologue, and stream of consciousness.
Effect/Aspects: Pursuit of American Dream, Admiration for America, Optimism, and Individual Importance.
Historical Context: Writers reflected the ideas of Darwin and Karl Marx, during WWI and WWII.
Modernism (1900-1946)
Modernism (1900-1946)
Ernest Hemingway used concise, spare, direct, objective writing to create bigger-than-life heroes
won Pulitzer and Nobel Peace Prize for Literature
John Steinbeck wrote about both pains and joys of life
most writing took place during the Great Depression
famous for The Grapes of Wrath and Of Mice and Men
Genre/Style: Mixing of fantasy with nonfiction blurred lines of reality for reader, there were no heroes, humorless, narratives, present tense, and magic realism.
Effect/Aspects: Grinds down the distinctions between the classes of people.
Historical Context: After WWII prosperity.
Post-Modernism (1946-present)
Post-Modernism (1946-present)
Robert Creely Black Mountain Poet writes with a very minimalist style
James Dickey novelist, essayist, poetMost writing is about nature
Argument over dates – 1950 or 1970-present
Genre/Style: Narrative, fiction, nonfiction, anti heroes, emotional, irony, storytelling, autobiographical, and essays.
Effect/Aspects: Shift in emphasis from homogeneity to celebrating diversity.
Historical Context: New century, new millennium.
Contemporary
Contemporary (1950-present)
Stephen King famous for books that scare people
lives in Maine was rejected by publishers 30 times before 1st book published (Carrie, 1974)