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Joint Development of Land Use
and Light Rail StationsThe Case of Tel Aviv
Regional Science Association International -The Israeli Section
Daniel Shefer, Shlomo Bekhor, Avigail Ferdman
Centre for Urban and Regional Studies
Transportation Research Institute
Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Beer Sheva University 6/6/04“New Direction in Urban and Regional Development”
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Structure of the presentation
• Introduction
• Literature Review
• Purpose of the Study
• Hypotheses
• Methodology
• Findings
• Conclusions
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Introduction
• The land-use transportation interaction
• Empirical evidence of the built environment’s impact on travel demand
• Land-use intensification and mixed land uses – their impact on transit use
• The role and function of Light Rail Transit - LRT
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What can light rail transit do?
at the micro level• Enhancing accessibility • “Getting people out of their cars”
at the macro level• Relieving traffic congestion • Reducing emissions• Rejuvenating urban centres• Stimulating economic growth
LRT is perceived as a powerful mode for transferring ridership from private to public transportation
Literature Review
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Tel Aviv as a case study
• 1st light rail line in Tel Aviv, due to open in 2010.
• Connects 4 major cities
• The stations location was based on travel demand
Purpose of the studyexploring various scenarios of the built environment around planned LRT stations
Purpose of the Study
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The built environment and travel demand
Impacts on daily travel demand:
• Intensified areas attract trips
• Mixed land uses around LRT stations induce transit use and walking/cycling
• Trip generation is not affected by land use
Hypotheses
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Methodology
Land uses and travel demand
• population densities,
• commercial densities,
• degree of land use mix
• workforce-population ratio
Parameters of land use scenarios:
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Land Use Scenarios
Methodology
workforce-population ratio
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Findings – trip generation
No difference between NTA models & retrofitted models, save for scenario 4
Alternative scenarios produce differential trip generation demand
Total Trip Generation
0.96
0.98
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.06
basescenario
scenario 1 scenario 2 scenario 3 scenario 4
per
cen
t d
iffe
ren
cee
fro
m b
ase
scen
ario
base sub models retroffited sub models
Trip Generation
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Mixed and intensified land uses attract more trips
total trip attraction per workplace
0.98
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.08
1.10
1.12
1.14
basescenario
scenario 1 scenario 2 scenario 3 scenario 4
pe
rce
nt
dif
fere
nc
e f
rom
ba
se
s
ub
mo
de
l
Findings
Trip attraction
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Job–population ratios affect home-base-work trips
Higher job–population rates – attract more motorized home-base-work trips
Scenarios 1-2-3 have a greater concentration of jobs
Home-base-work trip attraction
Findings – trip attraction
Job-population ratio
1.03
0.740.81
0.68
1.00
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
base scenario 1 scenario 2 scenario 3 scenario 4
job-
popu
latio
n ra
tio
1.40
1.45
1.50
1.55
1.60
1.65
1.70
base scenario scenario 1 scenario 2 scenario 3 scenario 4
daily
hbw
trip
s
nta sub model retrofitted sub model
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More trip attraction at the outer stations
Less trip attraction
Intensified commercial areas attract less motorized home-base commuting trips
Findings – trip attraction
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Findings
Mixed land uses attract more trip chaining
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
basescenario
scenario 1 scenario 2 scenario 3 scenario 4
da
ily n
hb
trip
sNon-home-base trip attraction per workplace
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Main findings
• Intensified land uses tend to generate more motorized trips per household than mixed land uses or the base scenario
• Intensified and mixed land uses attract more trips per worker
Findings
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Conclusions
Alternative land use scenarios generate and attract differential trip rates
Mixed land uses are different from intensified land uses, in terms of travel demand
High density & mixed land uses can serve as strategic decision variables in locating transit stations
Conclusions
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Thank you
Joint Development of Land Use
and Light Rail Stations
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Further research
• Metropolitan level forecasts
• Exploring the most conducive land use mix for lrt ridership -
» Before and after lrt introduction
» Comparison to other lrt systems
» Trip mode share
• Exploring station location by trip demand and land use characteristics
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Trip generation with same workforce ratio for all the scenarios
Total Trip Generation
0.90
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
1.00
scenario 0 scenario 1 scenario 2 scenario 3 scenario 4
perc
en
t d
iffe
ren
cee f
rom
base s
cen
ari
o
base sub models retroffited sub models
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Planned LRT red line in Metropolitan Tel Aviv
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Differences in population densities
155
142
169
110
100
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
base scenario 1 scenario 2 scenario 3 scenario 4
pe
rce
nt
dif
fere
nc
e f
rom
ba
se
sc
en
ari
o
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100
112 112 112
106
80.00
90.00
100.00
110.00
120.00
base scenario 1 scenario 2 scenario 3 scenario 4
per
cen
t d
iffe
ren
ce f
rom
bas
e sc
enar
io
Differences in job densities