![Page 1: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Raised Without Antibiotics –Analyzing the Impact to Biologic and
Economic Performance
Clayton JohnsonDirector of Health, Carthage System
Carthage Veterinary ServiceIntegrated Veterinary Network
![Page 2: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Presentation Outline
• Antibiotic Background• Raised Without Antibiotics (RWA) Opportunity• RWA Performance Impacts• Production Changes to Minimize RWA Performance Impacts
• RWA Decision Making Tools• RWA Lessons Learned
2
![Page 3: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
3
![Page 4: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Antibiotic Background
• Modern meat animal production has been built around the available use of antibiotics– Reductions in mortality – Improving animal well‐being– Improving caloric conversion– Improving growth
4
![Page 5: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Antibiotic Background
• The entire meat production supply chain has benefited from the use of Antibiotics– Animal Producer Efficiency– Herd Expansion = Increased Grain Demand– Decreased Carcass Contamination– Improved Food Safety
5
![Page 6: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Antibiotic Concerns… Is it a Fad?
6http://corporate.mcdonalds.com/content/dam/AboutMcDonalds/2.0/pdfs/sustainability/McDonalds‐Global‐Vision‐for‐Antimicrobial‐Stewardship‐in‐Food.pdf
![Page 7: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Antibiotic Concerns… Is it a Fad?
7Asian Development Bank, 2016
![Page 8: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Our Reality
• We must reduce our antibiotic usage– Measurement has started– Prevention claims are already under attack– Veterinarians are expected to champion improvements
8
![Page 9: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Our Opportunity
Commodity• Lower Cost• Lower Revenue• Throughput Optimized
Niche• Higher Cost• Higher Revenue• Throughput Consequences
9
![Page 10: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
RWA Performance Impacts
• Evidence Based Medicine– Controlled Research >>> Expert Opinion
• Published papers available– These cost estimates are specific to the genotypes, nutrition programs, and processes in place at that time
– Adjust estimates and use sensitivity tables where appropriate
10
![Page 11: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
RWA Performance Impacts
• Main et al1 documented a $4.40/CWT COP Increase– Monthly range of $1.61‐$7.67/CWT
• COP increase driven by Nursery Performance:– ADG– FCR – Mortality
• Consistent differences in finishing performance were not observed between RWA and conventional pigs
• Differences in piglet performance during lactation were not estimated
111Main, R.G et al (2010) A Field Experience Implementing an Antibiotic‐Free Program in a Commercial Production System. ISU Swine Disease Conference Proceedings 53‐56.
![Page 12: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
121Main, R.G et al (2010) A Field Experience Implementing an Antibiotic‐Free Program in a Commercial Production System. ISU Swine Disease Conference Proceedings 53‐56.
![Page 13: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
RWA Performance Impacts
• Wolter et al2 reports Birth to Harvest COP increases of 14‐21% based on internal system models
• Primary biologic performance impacts provided through internal wean‐to‐finish (WTF) trial comparing conventionally raised vs RWA pig performance
• WTF biologic performance was statistically different for ADG, ADFI, FCR, Morbidity and Mortality
• Similar to Main et al the most costly producer impacts were due to mortality
132Wolter, B. et al (2016) Growth of a Pig Production Business; Consumer Challenges, Strategy and Opportunities. Leman Conference Proceedings
![Page 14: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Antibiotic Study Overview
• Randomized complete block design• Treatments:
– Control– No antibiotics from weaning to harvest
• A total of 32 pens per treatment were used with 30 pigs in each pen
• Diagnostics confirmed exposure to Influenza A Virus (IAV) and M. Hyopneumoniae
2Wolter, B. et al (2016) Growth of a Pig Production Business; Consumer Challenges, Strategy and Opportunities. Leman Conference Proceedings
![Page 15: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Antibiotic Study ResultsItem Control No Antibiotics P‐valueNumber of pens 32 32 ‐Number of pigs 960 960 ‐Body weight, lbStart 14.1 14.1 >0.1End 281.3 283 >0.1
Within‐pen CV, %Start 19.3 19.6 >0.1End 9.8 10.2 >0.1
Average daily gain, lbLive 1.75a 1.68b <0.05Carcass 1.28a 1.22c <0.05
Average daily feed intake, lb 4.16a 4.09b <0.05Gain:feed, lb:lbLive 0.421a 0.412b <0.05Carcass 0.307a 0.299b <0.05
Morbidity and mortality, % 6.5b 14.1a <0.05a,bMeans with difference superscripts are different (P<0.05).
2Wolter, B. et al (2016) Growth of a Pig Production Business; Consumer Challenges, Strategy and Opportunities. Leman Conference Proceedings
![Page 16: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Production Changes to Minimize RWA COP Impact
• Health– Biosecurity– Disease Elimination– Sanitation– Vaccination
• Management– AIAO– Batch Production– Small Pens, Medicator Plumbing– Terminal Sire Selection
16
![Page 17: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Production Changes to Minimize RWA COP Impact
• Biosecurity– Your current outbreak frequency determines opportunity for improvement
– Define your list of Risk Factors– Assign Biosecurity Principle to Use
• Hygiene/Sanitation• Segregation• Exclusion
17
![Page 18: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Production Changes to Minimize RWA COP Impact
• Disease Elimination– PRRSv & PEDv– M. hyopneumoniae & APP– Dysentery– Toxigenic E. coli
• Do Not Underestimate the Impact of Disease Resistant Genotypes– Example – PRRS Resistant Pig
18
![Page 19: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Production Changes to Minimize RWA COP Impact
• Building Sanitation– Clean & Dry– Review site specific decontamination when changing source health status
– Water Lines – Biofilm Removal• Transportation Sanitation
– Clean & Dry– 3rd Party Inspections– Increased Attention to Market Hog Transport
19
![Page 20: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Production Changes to Minimize RWA COP Impact
• Vaccination– Base Vaccination Program: PCV, M hyo, Ileitis, Ery– Changing economics allow further use of autogenous vaccination schemes
• Strep suis• Haemophilus parasuis• Actinobacillus suis• Influenza A Virus (IAV)
20
![Page 21: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Production Changes to Minimize RWA COP Impact
• Batch Production– Shorter fill time– Improved WTF Mortality– Facilitates disease elimination programs
21
![Page 22: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Production Changes to Minimize RWA COP Impact
• Pen Design– Small Pens Preferred
• Sorting off treated, non‐qualifying pigs• Easier ID of sick pigs in general population
– Pen Level Water Medication Capability• Particularly for designated non‐qualifying pens
22
![Page 23: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Production Changes to Minimize RWA COP Impact
• Optimizing Terminal Sire– “Commodity” driven Sire Index should be reviewed with emphasis on Mortality
– Opportunity for collaboration with your Genetic program provider
• Mortality/Morbidity• Meat Quality• “Unique” Eating Experience
23
![Page 24: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Range in mortality across sire lines = 2.95%
‐2.0
‐1.5
‐1.0
‐0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
A B C D E F G
WTM
MORTALITY, DE
VIATION FRO
M M
EAN (%
)
SIRE LINE
Sire Line Differences in WTM Mortality
2Wolter, B. et al (2016) Growth of a Pig Production Business; Consumer Challenges, Strategy and Opportunities. Leman Conference Proceedings
![Page 25: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Range in total combined mortality across sire lines = 24.69%
‐15%
‐10%
‐5%
0%
5%
10%
15%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48
Within‐Line Sire Differences in Total Progeny Mortality, %
Pre‐Wean Mortality Post‐Wean Mortality Total Mortality
2Wolter, B. et al (2016) Growth of a Pig Production Business; Consumer Challenges, Strategy and Opportunities. Leman Conference Proceedings
![Page 26: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Decision Making Tools –Partial Budget
26
![Page 27: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Benefits – Additional Revenues
• Use packer information on historical prices for the RWA program to project a price/CWT
• Estimate a percentage of pigs qualified• Consider all RWA program stipulations
– Vegetarian Fed?– Organic?– Housing Design?
27
![Page 28: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Benefits – Reduced Costs
• Medication Expenses– Feed Medication– Water Medication– Injectable Medication
• Current treatment records can serve as a guideline for estimating impact
• Consider Finishing Feed Costs – Less Pigs to Feed
• Consider Feed Mill change over impact
28
![Page 29: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Costs – Additional Costs
• Expect additional feed costs per lb produced– Decreased ADG– Increased FCR
• Consider all RWA program stipulations– Vegetarian Fed?– Organic?– Housing Design?
• Consider impact to market hog transport cost
29
![Page 30: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Costs – Decreased Revenues
• Reduction in Pigs sold– Increased Mortality
• If Non‐RWA qualified pigs will be sold to a different packer, adjust revenue expectations accordingly
30
![Page 31: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
RWA Chicken
31
![Page 32: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
RWA Chicken Lessons Learned
32Slide Courtesy of Ken Maschhoff
![Page 33: Johnson - Raised Without Antibiotics - Banff Pork](https://reader031.vdocuments.site/reader031/viewer/2022030113/621ccd68117c9f77d16639f0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Conclusions
• Antibiotic Concerns are Not a Fad– RWA Programs will Sustain– RWA Demand will be Saturated
• RWA Programs Offer Producers an Opportunity for Increased Revenues– May or May Not be Increased Profit– Consider the Cost of Capital, You need a greater ROI to Justify Increased COP
33