![Page 1: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin
hppt://www.diffeo.com/FRD.ppt
Fast Router Discovery with L2 Support
draft-jinchoi-dna-frd-01.txt
![Page 2: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Background
G2
When upper-layer protocol sessions are being supported, DNA schemes should detect the identity of an attached link rapidly, with minimal latency lest there should be a service disruption.
• For fast DNA, a host needs to quickly receive a suitable RA upon establishing a new link-layer connection.
• This draft present a way to deliver an RA to a host with minimal latency upon network attachment.
![Page 3: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Key Idea
• Point of Attachment (PoA)– The link endpoint on the link, such as 802.11 Access Point
(AP) or 802.16 Base Station (BS), where a host may be connected.
• While a router doesn’t perceive the presence of a new host, usually L2 entity, PoA (Point of Attachment), does.
• PoA may either 1– trigger an AR (Access Router) to immediately send an RA
“RA Triggering” or
– send such an RA for itself “RA Proxying”.
![Page 4: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Overview
• When a host establishes a link-layer connection, in the process, an L2 entity, PoA (Point of Attachment), can detect the new attachment and get the necessary information to deliver an unicast L2 frame to the host, such as 802.11 MAC address or 802.16 CID (Connection Identifier).
• The PoA may forward the information to an AR (Access Router) and trigger the AR to immediately send in unicast a suitable RA.
• Or the PoA itself may cache such an RA beforehand and deliver the cached RA to the host in unicast upon network attachment
• In this draft, we refer the first scheme "RA Triggering" and the second "RA Proxying".
![Page 5: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
RA Triggering Operation• PoA and AR in one box
– Link UP Event Notification
• PoA and AR in separate boxes– MIES (Media Independent Event Service)
– RS by PoA
![Page 6: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
RA Proxing Operation• RA Caching
– PoA gets a suitable RA and stores it.
• RA Delivery– As soon as a host established link-layer connection with
a PoA, it immediately sends a stored RA to the host in unicast.
![Page 7: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
RA Caching methods• Manual Configuration
• Scanning
• MICS (Media Independent Comment Service)
![Page 8: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Summary
• This draft present a way for a host to receive a suitable RA with minimum latency.– RA proxying delivers the RA in the earliest possible time.
• This draft provides an useful DNA scheme with some constraints. – The scheme is suitable for network initiated DNA.
– The scheme is Mobile/ Cellular network friendly.
– The scheme depends on link-layer support.
– The scheme works very well in certain environments, especially Mobile/ Cellular network but may not generally applicable to all networks.
– We also plan to advance this scheme in WIMAX and IEEE.
• We ask WG to accept this draft as a WG item- to facilitate its adoption to other standard bodies
- to help the scheme to be deployed in mobile/ cellular network.
![Page 9: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Appendix• FRD Test Results• RA Triggering, rough sketch• RA Proxying, rough sketch• Rate Control• Performance Evaluation
![Page 10: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
FRD (Fast Router Discovery) Implementation & Test Result
HeeJin Jang
![Page 11: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
FRD Implementation• Implemented the FRD code on Linux OS (Kernel 2.4.20)
– RA Proxying with Scanning
• AP side – We adopted the PCI-type card to implement an AP (Access Point) on
a Linux Box (PC)– We modified its driver module for FRD
• Part 1 : Catch the RA from upper layer and cache it in the buffer.• Part 2 : Deliver the cached RA to an MN in unicast 802.11 frame
right after L2 association– No. of code lines: 31 lines
• Test Results– We measured the time from L2 association to RA arrival with Ethereal – Average: 1.3 ms – Maximum: 1.8 ms– Minimum: 1.1 ms
![Page 12: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
FRD Operation
1. We implemented FRD module on drives modules of netgear AP.
2. FRD module caches a suitable RA with Scanning.
3. When an MN is attached, it sends Association Request message.
4. FRD module extracts the MN's MAC address from the the Association Request message.
5. FRD module combines the MN's MAC address with the cached RA to make an unicast L2 frame.
6. FRD module sends the unicast L2 frame to the MN.
7. The MN receives the cached RA (in the unicast L2 frame) in average 1.3 ms after L2 association is made.
![Page 13: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1. PC AP with WLAN interface has FRD module.
AP
MN
RA2. AP scans incoming packets to cache an RA.
FRD Test Scenario
AR
![Page 14: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
1. PC AP with WLAN interface has FRD module.
AP
MN
3. At time T[0], MN establishes a new link layer connection with AP.
2. AP scans incoming packets to cache an RA.
4. After L2 association, AP immediately sends the cached RA in L2 unicast frame
FRD Test Scenario
AR
RA
![Page 15: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
1. PC AP with WLAN interface has FRD module.
3. At time T[0], MN establishes a new link layer connection with AP.
2. AP scans incoming packets to cache an RA.
4. After L2 association, AP immediately sends the cached RA in L2 unicast frame
FRD Test Scenario
5. At time T[1], MN receives the cached RA.
6. We measure the DNA delay, T[1] – T[0].
7. Measured value of T[1] – T[0].
Min: 1.1msMax: 1.8msAverage 1.3ms
AP
MN
AR
RA
![Page 16: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
We gratefully acknowledge the generous assistance we received from Surekha Biruduraju for implementing and testing FRD scheme.
![Page 17: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Internet
0. There is an RA which can properly represent link identity, for example an RA with LinkID.
AR
AP
RA
LinkID
RA Triggering, rough sketch
MN
1. MN moves in and establishes a link-layer connection (association) with AP.
2. AP module deliver Link UP Event Notification to AR module.
2. AR module immediately sends a suitable RA to MN in unicast.
![Page 18: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Internet
0. There is an RA which can properly represent link identity, for example an RA with LinkID.
AR
AP
RA Triggering, rough sketch
MN
1. MN moves in and establishes a link-layer connection (association) with AP.
2. AP module deliver Link UP Event Notification to AR module.
2. AR module immediately sends a suitable RA to MN in unicast.
RA
LinkID
![Page 19: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Internet
0. There is an RA which can properly represent link identity, for example an RA with LinkID.
AR
AP
RA Triggering, rough sketch
MN
1. MN moves in and establishes a link-layer connection (association) with AP.
2. AP module deliver Link UP Event Notification to AR module.
3. AR module immediately sends a suitable RA to MN in unicast.
RA
LinkID
4. With LinkID, MN determines whether it remains at the same link or not.
5. In case of a link change, MN initiates a new IP configuration with the information in the RA ( Router address, prefix et cetra).
![Page 20: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Internet
0. There is an RA which can properly represent link identity, for example an RA with LinkID.
AR
AP
RA Triggering, rough sketch
MN
1. MN moves in and establishes a link-layer connection (association) with AP.
2. AP module deliver Link UP Event Notification to AR module.
3. AR module immediately sends a suitable RA to MN in unicast.
RA
LinkID
4. With LinkID, MN determines whether it remains at the same link or not.
5. In case of a link change, MN initiates a new IP configuration with the information in the RA ( Router address, prefix et cetra).
![Page 21: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
0. There is an RA which can properly represent link identity, for example an RA with LinkID.
Internet
AR
AP
RA
LinkID
RA Proxying, rough sketch
![Page 22: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
0. There is an RA which can properly represent link identity, for example an RA with LinkID.
Internet
AR
AP
1. AP caches an RA with LinkID, either manually or dynamically.
RA
LinkID
MN
2. MN moves in and establishes a link-layer connection (association) with AP.
RA Proxying, rough sketch
![Page 23: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Internet
AR
AP
1. AP caches an RA with LinkID, either manually or dynamically.
RA
LinkIDMN
2. MN moves in and establishes a link-layer connection (association) with AP.
3. As soon as association is completed, AP immediately sends the cached RA to MN in unicast.
0. There is an RA which can properly represent link identity, for example an RA with LinkID.
4. With LinkID, MN determines whether it remains at the same link or not.
5. In case of a link change, MN initiates a new IP configuration with the information in the RA ( Router address, prefix et cetra).
RA Proxying, rough sketch
![Page 24: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Internet
AR
AP
1. AP caches an RA with LinkID, either manually or dynamically.
RA
LinkIDMN
2. MN moves in and establishes a link-layer connection (association) with AP.
3. As soon as association is completed, AP immediately sends the cached RA to MN in unicast.
RA Proxying, rough sketch
0. There is an RA which can properly represent link identity, for example an RA with LinkID.
4. With LinkID, MN determines whether it remains at the same link or not.
5. In case of a link change, MN initiates a new IP configuration with the information in the RA ( Router address, prefix et cetra).
![Page 25: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Delay – RFC 2461 without Link UP
AR
AP
MN
6. MN receives RA and discovers new subnet.
1. MN arrives and sends Association Request
3. AP sends Association Response.
2. AP receives Association Request.
4. MN receives Association Response and association is made.
5. AR sends Unsolicited RA
AR sends RA periodically
![Page 26: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Delay – RFC 2461 with Link UP
AR
AP
MN
8. MN receives RA and discovers new subnet.
1. MN arrives and sends Association Request
3. AP sends Association Response.
2. AP receives Association Request.
4. MN receives Association Response and association is made.
7. AR sends RA after Random delay
5. MN sends RS after Random delay.
6. AR receives RS
![Page 27: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
AR
AP
MN
1. MN arrives and sends Association Request
3. AP sends Association Response
2. AP receives Association Request.
4. AP send stored RA.
4. MN receives Association Response and association is made.
5. MN receives RA and discovers new subnet.
Delay – FRD
![Page 28: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Continuous Scanning
It may cost too much to execute Scanning continuously.
RA arrival
RA arrival
RA arrival
![Page 29: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Rate Control
• Execute Scanning in regular interval.– It may cost too much to execute Scanning continuously.
– For this we set time value T.
– AP execute Scanning in every T time. • If we set T as 0, scanning is executed continuously.
![Page 30: JinHyeock Choi, DongYun Shin hppt://diffeo/FRD](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062500/56815959550346895dc694a1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Effect of T value
ScanStart
Scan Stop
ScanStart
Scan Stop
ScanStart
ScanStop
RA arrival
RA arrival
RA arrival
With T value, We can decrease Scanning execution time.We assume a network administrator selects appropriate T value.
T T