Download - Jim Crow Laws Scottsboro Trials Recovering from the Great Depression Racial Injustice Poor South
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• Jim Crow Laws• Scottsboro
Trials• Recovering from
the Great Depression
• Racial Injustice• Poor South
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NEW YORK, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1865.
SCENE IN THE HOUSE ON THE PASSAGE OF THE PROPOSITION TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION,
JANUARY 31, 1865.
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States that slavery must end in the United States and all of its territories.
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Black Americans
were granted citizenship
and guaranteed their Civil
Rights.
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“The First Vote" A.R. Waud.
Black Voting Rights. It sought to protect
the rights of citizens, particularly former
slaves, to vote in federal and state
elections
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Jim Crow laws segregated blacks
politically by making it difficult for them to vote. For instance, they required voters to pay a poll tax as
well as prove that they could read.
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Although African Americans now supposedly had the same rights as
white society, they were still segregated.
After the American Civil War most states in the South passed anti-African
American legislation. These became known as Jim Crow laws.
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These laws included segregation in…–Schools and Hospitals–Theaters–Water fountains–Restaurants and Hotels–Public transportation–Some states forbid inter-racial
marriages
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Racial separation (segregation)
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The Supreme Court went even further to legalize racism by ruling that segregation was lawful as long as blacks and whites had access to equal facilities. (EX. Separate Water Fountains)
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These laws were instituted in 1896 and were not abolished until the late 1950’s . Some states still did not adopt the
changes.
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Realize that not all of the Justices
supported this view, many felt that the “Constitution is colorblind and
neither knows or tolerates classes among citizens.”
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The Roaring 20’s• The new concept of
“credit” • People were buying:
–Automobiles–Appliances–Clothes
• Fun times reigned–Dancing–Flappers–Drinking
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1929-1939• Stock market
crash• Didn’t realize
the effect it would have
• No money to replenish what was borrowed
Many found being broke humiliating.
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Why was this bad?• Credit system
–People didn’t really have the money they were spending
• WWI–The U.S. was a major
credit loaner to other nations in need
–Many of these nations could not pay us back
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The Stock Market• People bought stocks
on margins– If a stock is $100 you
can pay $10 now and the rest later when the stock rose
• Stocks fall–Now the person has
less than $100 and no money to pay back
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And then….
• With people panicking about their money investors tried to sell their stocks–This leads to a huge decline
in stocks–Stocks were worthless now
• People who bought on “margins” now could not pay
• Investors were average people that were now broke
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• Herbert Hoover was president at the start
• Philosophy: We’ll make it!
• What He Did: Nothing• The poor were looking
for help and no ideas on how to correct or help their situation.
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• Farmers were already feeling the effects– Prices of crops went down– Many farms foreclosed
• People could not afford luxuries– Factories shut down– Businesses went out
• Banks could not pay out money• People could not pay their taxes
– Schools shut down due to lack of funds• Many families became homeless and had
to live in shanties
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Many waited in unemployment lines hoping for a job.
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People in cities would wait in line for bread to bring to their family.
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Some families were forced to relocate because they had no money.
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• Some families were forced to live in shanty towns– A grouping of shacks
and tents in vacant lots
• They were referred to as “Hooverville” because of President Hoover’s lack of help during the depression.
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A drought in the South lead to dust storms that destroyed crops.
“The Dust Bowl”
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• Crops turned to dust=No food to be sent out
• Homes buried• Fields blown away• South in state of emergency• Dust Bowl the #1 weather crisis
of the 20th century
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Two Families During the Depression
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Some families tried to make money by selling useful crafts like baskets.
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• When he was inaugurated unemployment had increased by 7 million.
• Poor sections (like Harlem) had 50% of the pop. unemployed
• Instated the “New Deal”
• Yea! Frankie!
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• People everywhere were affected by the depression
• It wasn’t until President Roosevelt took over and tried to put the economy back together. People began to see a glimmer of hope.
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• 9 young African-American men (13-20) accused of raping 2 white girls in 1931
• Immediately sentenced to death
• Trials went on for nearly 15 years before all the men were dismissed
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• Started on a train bound for Memphis• Several white men boarded and picked a
fight with the black men• Whites were forced off train by the 12
black men. • The white men reported to authorities
that the black men had raped two white girls on the train.
• They were immediately arrested and tried in front of an all-white jury.
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The trials caused a huge uproar among the black community.
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