Download - Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics
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Using co-design techniques to increase the reliability of the Electronic
controlSystem for a Multilevel Power
Converter
Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno
Department of Electronics. University of Alcalá (Spain)
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá Department of Electronics
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Overview of the Processing System
4. Proposals to apply co-design techniques
5. Experimental results
6. Conclusions
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
University of Alcalá
![Page 3: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Overview of the Processing System
4. Proposals to apply co-design techniques
5. Experimental results
6. Conclusions
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
University of Alcalá
![Page 4: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Introduction: System to control
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
University of Alcalá
Power Electronic System VSC 1 VSC 2
Sa2
Sa1
Sa2
Sa1
Sb2
Sb1
Sb2
Sb1
Sc2
Sc1
Sc2
Sa2
Sa1
Sa2
Sa1
Sb2
Sb1
Sb2
Sb1
Sc2
Sc1
Sc2
Sc1
CDC2
NP
P
N
CDC1
Da2
Da1
Db2
Db1
Dc2
Dc1
Da2
Da1
Db2
Db1
Dc2
Dc1
Control Electronic System
Sc1
3*L13*L2
3*Co
PCC
Distribution line
AC motor
vN
vP
iNP1 iNP2
Grid filter
Grid
Ubase (Base voltage) 480V
ωbase (Base frequency) 2π50rad/s
Converter
Sn (Nominal Power) 150kVA
Ibase (Base current) 312,5A
![Page 5: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Introduction: Control Electronic System
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
University of Alcalá
AC motorVSC1
3*L13*L2
3*Co
CDC2NP
P
N
PCC
CDC1
uDC meas.NP Voltage
Balancing Controller
uDC controller
)(kuDC
)(kuDC
Current controller
)(kid
)(kiq
)(* ku
Grid current meas.
Grid voltage meas.SPLL
tititi cgbgag ,, tetete cPCCbPCCaPCC ,,
)(kig
kek g
),(1
Control of VSC connected to the grid Control of VSC connected to the AC machine
iDC1 iDC2Distribution line
High level controller
References from the grid operator
PWMgenerator
)(* ku
12 pulses
Machine measurements
tr
Current controller Machine
controller
)(ki
)(kr)(kd
kki r),( kr
tititi cba ,,
Turbine controller
kPw
PWMgenerator
12 pulses
VSC2
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Overview of the Processing System
4. Proposals to apply co-design techniques
5. Experimental results
6. Conclusions
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
University of Alcalá
![Page 7: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Objectives
• The main objective is to increase the reliability of the electronic control system, applying codesign techniques.
• This objective will be achieve by means of several partial objectives:
– Hardware and software reliability modelling
– New codesign algorithms, that take into account time, area, power and reliability restrictions
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
![Page 8: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Overview of the Processing System
4. Proposals to apply co-design techniques
5. Experimental results
6. Conclusions
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
University of Alcalá
![Page 9: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Block diagram of the Control Electronic System
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
DSP
Data acquisitionA/D conversion
FPGA
Adaptation of analog signals
Analog signals
System references
Driving of IGBTs
Faults of IGBT
drivers
Driving of relays
Optical transmitters
Opticalreceivers
Relays
To IGBTdrivers
To control the converter breakers
FPGA-DSP Interface
12 bits
Processor Module
Coprocessor Module
Computational Module
TMS320C6713 SPARTAN II
MAX1309
Ts=200μs
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Analysis of the tasks executed by the “Computational Module”
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
Tasks TS Trun Operation type Algorithm type
Selected Device
For the line-side converter
Current vector controller 200μs
<200μs
Trigonometric
and matrixControl
DSP
Identification of different disturbances 200μs FPGA
DSC (Delay Signal Cancellation) [17] 200μs FPGA
SPLL [17] 200μs Arithmetic DSP
DC-bus voltage controller 200μs Arithmetic DSP
For the generator-side converter
Vector controller. 200μs
<200μs
Trigonometric and matrix
Control
DSP
Turbine controller. Tracking of the maximum power point.
200μsArithmetic DSP
For the two converters
PWM generation (carrier frequency 2.5KHz and 24 signals) 200μs Arithmetic Parallel FPGA
Encoder reading 200μs Arithmetic Parallel FPGA
Acquisition data 200μs - Parallel FPGA
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DSP Programming
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
Data acquisition
Start main() and init_system()
t(k)=k·TS=k·200?s No
Output of controller reference_PWM()
PI SPLL spll_pi()
DSC dsc()
Current controller currentcontroller()
DC_bus controller dcbuscontroller()
Any fault?
System protection system_protection()
Stop
Any hardware fault?
Yes ? c_int(4) Yes
Yes ? c_int(5)
No
+
+ acquisition_data()
c_int(5) Control algorithm
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FPGA Programming
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
To EMIF bus
Configuration and control registers
DSP Interface
PWM generator
Synchronization DSP-FPGA
FAULTs control ADCs control
Encoders I/O digital signals
To IGBTs drivers
Control lines
Data
12 bits
From IGBTs drivers
From encoders
To relays
High Performance
computacional Unit
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Timing events in the DSP and FPGA
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
SYNC
FPGA events
t
DSP events
k k+1
t
SYNC
Data acquisition
Acquired data transmission from
FPGA to DSP
References calculated in k-1 are transmitted from DSP to FPGA
New references will be applied in k+1
Control algorithms
Generation of PWM signals from references calculated in k-1
Generation of PWM signals from references calculated in k
t
PWM carrier 2
PWM carrier 1
![Page 14: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Overview of the Processing System
4. Proposals to apply co-design techniques
5. Experimental results
6. Conclusions
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
University of Alcalá
![Page 15: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Reliability calculation
• Reliability definition:
– Is the probability that a component will perform its intended function satisfactorily for a period of time [t0,t], given that the component was working properly at time t0
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
![Page 16: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Reliability calculation
• Hardware reliability:
– Error in semiconductor devices: soft errors.
• Due to external radiations, impurities in the devices, etc.
– Evaluation of soft errors [Tosun, et al. 05][Alexandrescu, et al. 02]
• Simulation.
• Fault injection.
– As the result of this evaluation, it can be obtained a table with the reliability of some basic elements: adder, multiplier, etc.
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
![Page 17: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Reliability calculation
• Hardware reliability:
– Reliability of some basic device implemented in FPGA [Tosun, et al. 05][Alexandrescu, et al. 02]
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
![Page 18: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Reliability calculation
• Software reliability:
– Definition:
• The probability of failure-free software operation for a specified period of time in a specified environment .
– To model and predict software reliability, a SRGM (software reliability growth model) can be used.
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
![Page 19: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Reliability calculation
• Appling hardware and software reliability models and estimation algorithms, the following table (technology library) can be obtained for the digital control system tasks:
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
A. Acquisition data.B. PWM generation (carrier frequency
2 2.5KHz and 24signals)C. Identification of different
disturbancesD. SPLL .E. DSC (Delay Signal Cancellation) F. DC-bus voltage controller.G. Current vectorial controller.H. Vectorial controller.I. Turbine controller. Tracking of the
mnmaximum power point.J. Encoders reading.
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Codesign algorithm
• In order to increase the overall digital control system reliability, we use a partition algorithm that take into account several parameters:
– Reliability, time processing, delay and area.
• Our co-design methodology consists of the following steps:
– Obtaining an initial solution by allocating the most reliable elements from the technology library to each task.
– To make adjustments to fulfill the specification delay, the specification area and other design requirements.
– To apply Engineering Software Reliability to the tasks implemented in DSP.
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
![Page 21: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Overview of the Processing System
4. Proposals to apply co-design techniques
5. Experimental results
6. Conclusions
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
University of Alcalá
![Page 22: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Experimental Setup
Department of Electronics
DIGILAB 2E
Link Board
Interface Board
TMS320C6713 DSK
Optical transmitters
Optical receivers
ADCsRelays
Digital Signal Processing
Acquisition card
Glue logic
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
![Page 23: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
DSP execution
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
TS
Control algorithm execution
k-1 k k+1 k+2
Number of cycles
Execution graph
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Task distribution
• Applying the codesign algorithm, the task distribution is:
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
![Page 25: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Contents
1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Overview of the Processing System
4. Proposals to apply co-design techniques
5. Experimental results
6. Conclusions
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
University of Alcalá
![Page 26: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Conclusions
• A co-design algorithm has been presented, based on applying the metric reliability of hardware and software, in order to improve the performance of a processing system that uses FPGA and DSP.
• Future works:– Accurate evaluation of hardware and software
reliability.
– New co-design algorithms (partitioning task between other processing units)
Department of Electronics
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
![Page 27: Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno Department of Electronics](https://reader035.vdocuments.site/reader035/viewer/2022062301/56814ddd550346895dbb45f0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Using co-design techniques to increase the reliability of the Electronic control
System for a Multilevel Power Converter
Javier C. Brook, Francisco J. Rodríguez, Pedro Martín, Emilio J. Bueno
Department of Electronics. University of Alcalá (Spain)
IECON 2006
University of Alcalá Department of Electronics
Researching group in Electronic Engineering applied to the Renewable Energies
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work has been financied by the Spanish administration (ENE2005-08721-C04-01)