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Possibility of Measurement of Cross Section and Vector Analyzing Powers of p - 3He Breakup Reaction @ Cyclotron Center Bronowice.
IFJ: I. Ciepał, A. Kozela, UJ: T. Pałasz, B. Głowacz, UW: I. Skwira-Chalot, UŚ
Jagiellonian Symposium of Fundamental and Applied Subatomic Physics
3He
Outline:Outline:1. Goals and motivation,2. Theoretical foundation,3. 3NF effects,4. 4N systems – current knowledge,5. Plans for He-3 polarized target at CCB.
Izabela Ciepał, IFJ PANIzabela Ciepał, IFJ PAN
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low energies
intermediate energies
50-200 MeV/A
high energies
few-nucleon systems
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intermediate energies
50-200 MeV/A
2N, 3N, 4N
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additional attractive force
3N System Dynamics3N System Dynamics
1957 Fujita-Miyazawa 3NF1957 Fujita-Miyazawa 3NFProg. Theor. Phys. 17, 360 (1957)Prog. Theor. Phys. 17, 360 (1957)
22 -exchange 3NF : -exchange 3NF : - Main ingredients : -isobar excitations in the intermediate
V=∑VNN+V3N
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3N System Dynamics 3N System Dynamics the Three Nucleon Forcethe Three Nucleon Force
➔ Urbana IXUrbana IX -isobar + phenomenological -isobar + phenomenological
short-range part short-range part
➔ Tucson-Melbourne (TM)Tucson-Melbourne (TM) not only not only -isobar , but also -isobar , but also other states arise from other states arise from -N-N scattering; consistent with scattering; consistent with chiral symmetry chiral symmetry
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➢ Few-nucleon interaction models (2N and 3N) Realistic 2N potentials (e.g. Argonn V18, CD Bonn)
+ phenomenological 3NF models Chiral perturbation theory at NNLO (N4LO-2N) Coupled-channels formalism with explicit Δ
Theoretical Background
➢ Faddeev equation can be solved exactly!
numerical results
➢Different effects to be trace
Influences of 3NF Coulomb force action Relativistic effects Mutual interplay of the effects
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➢ Few-nucleon interaction models (2N and 3N) Realistic 2N potentials (e.g. Argonn V18, CD Bonn)
+ phenomenological 3NF models Chiral perturbation theory at NNLO (N4LO-2N) Coupled-channels formalism with explicit Δ
Theoretical Background
➢ Faddeev equation can be solved exactly!
numerical results
➢Different effects to be trace
Influences of 3NF Coulomb force action Relativistic effects Mutual interplay of the effects
CD Bonn relat.
CD Bonn non relat.
ooo
S [MeV]
o
Coulomb effects
Relativistic effects
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Where could we see 3NF effects ?Where could we see 3NF effects ?
➢ Green’s Function Monte CarloGreen’s Function Monte Carlo➢ Ab InitioAb Initio No-Core Shell Model No-Core Shell Model etc..etc..
Ab Initio Calculations for Light Nuclei (A<10)Ab Initio Calculations for Light Nuclei (A<10)
➢3NF : well reproduce the data - 3H, 3He, 4He by 2-exchange 3NF - Illinois-2 ( 2-exchange + 3-ring with -isobar)
➢3NF Effects in B.E. 10 – 25 % attractive
S.C. Pieper PRC 64,014001(2001)
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Where could we see 3NF effects ?
➢ Green’s Function Monte CarloGreen’s Function Monte Carlo➢ Ab InitioAb Initio No-Core Shell Model No-Core Shell Model etc..etc..
Ab Initio Calculations for Light Nuclei (A<10)Ab Initio Calculations for Light Nuclei (A<10)
➢3NF : well reproduce the data - 3H, 3He, 4He by 2-exchange 3NF - Illinois-2 (2-exchange + 3-ring with -isobar)
➢ 3NF Effects in B.E.
10 – 25 % attractive
S.C. Pieper PRC 64,014001(2001)
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3NF3NF Model Model
Discovery of 3NF in 1998
Discrepancy at CS minimum was excellently explained by 23NF.The same 23NF also reproduces 3N binding energy. H.Witala et al., Phys Rev Lett. 81 1183 (1998)
N + d → N + d elastic scattering
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Experiments Experiments
RIKEN
COSY
IUCF
BINA
KVI
RCNP
SALAD
WASA
GEMCCB
BINA@CCB
JAPAN USAEUROPE
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Breakup Reaction
N + d → N + N + N
2N2N + TM99
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relativistic effects are visibleat backward angles, but small
even more problems in case of the breakup
spin observables ….
Elastic Scatteting and Breakup
but in general:theory reproduce the data
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many input and output channels
chance for investigation of isospin dependencies higher sensitivity (than in case of 3N systems) for 3NF role of 4NF
2NF 3NF 4NF
6 4 1
3 1
1 2NF>>3NF>>4NF2NF>>3NF>>4NF
3N
2N= 2/3
Outlook: 4N Systems StudiesOutlook: 4N Systems Studies
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IUCF
d+d elastic scattering @ 241 MeV
KVI - BBS
d+d elastic scattering @ 135 MeV
KVI - BINA
d+d -> d+p+n @ 135 MeV
d+d -> d+p+n @ 160 MeV
QFS cross section compared with pd elastic scattering calculations (A. Deltuva) G. Khatri PhD Thesis → next presentation
4N SYSTEMS – CALC. and EXPERIMENTS4N SYSTEMS – CALC. and EXPERIMENTS
d-d systems
d + d d + d →d + d n + → 3He d + d p + t →A.Deltuva , A.C.Fonseca
Phys. Let. B 742 (2015) 285–289
calculations above the 4N breakup threshold
(10, 12.3 MeV)
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● Cross section ● Vector analyzing powers
A. D
eltuva and A. C
. Fonseca, P
hys. Rev. C
87, 054002, 2013
p-3He systems
'60/'80
calculations above the 4N breakup threshold
4N SYSTEMS – CALC. and EXPERIMENTS4N SYSTEMS – CALC. and EXPERIMENTS
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4N SYSTEMS – CALC. and EXPERIMENTS4N SYSTEMS – CALC. and EXPERIMENTS
T. Katabuchi et al. Review of Scientific Instruments 76, 033503 (2005) Spin-exchange optically pumped polarized 3He target for low-energy charged particle scattering experiments.
T. V. Daniels et al. Phys. Rev. C 82, 034002 (2010) - spin-correlation coef., phase-shifts, p-He elastic scat. @ 2 and 6 MeV.
p-3He systems
measurement with polarized 3He target
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Investigation of 4N systems:• Cross section • Vector analyzing powers
p - He3 p - He3
POLHe-3@ CCBnew facility in Krakow:CyclotronCenterBronowice
3He(p, dp)p3He(p, pp)d
3He(p, ppd)
4N Systems Studies @ CCB4N Systems Studies @ CCB utilize a polarized He-3 target utilize a polarized He-3 target
IFJ: I. Ciepał, A. Kozela, UJ: T. Pałasz, B. Głowacz, UW: I. Skwira-Chalot, UŚ
proton beam70 – 230 MeV
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Rb - optically pumped with circular polarized light, then the Rb electron transfer its polarization to the He-3 nucleus by spin-exchange interaction (collisions)
1) Optical pumping
33He Polarized TargetHe Polarized Target
2) Polarization transfer in collisions
SEOP- Spin Exchange Optical Pumping
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SEOP – Pros & Cons SEOP – Pros & Cons
PRESSURE
SET-UP
POLARIZATION
gas at 0.3 – 3 bartakes a lot of time
magnetic field of a few mT
works at high pressure 3Hebuffer gas (p> 1 bar)
compact set-up given by size of target-cell,operation at target position
long built-up times of 3Henuclear polarization (20 h)
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Critical „Parameters” Critical „Parameters”
1) Shape of the cell, 2) Cell windows – material, size, thickness,3) Luminosity - He-3 pressure,4) Relaxation time – gas depolarization,5) Polarization measurements (NMR), 6) Energy straggling (if glass), 7) Vertex reconstruction – detector.
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NMR CoilGlass Cell
Kapton Window
Target Cell - example Target Cell - example
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emergingparticleswindow
beamwindow
Target Cell - projectTarget Cell - project
Cell: Pyrex2 mm thickL = 100 mmO = 40 mm
Windows: Kapton (supported with graphene ), Ti – now is testing 15x60 mm2
O = 16 mm
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POLHe-3@ CCBPOLHe-3@ CCBp-beam
valves
target chamber with windows;polarized 3He
pumping chamber;3He + Rb
owen
laser light
pick-up coils
Helmholtzcoils
B0
z
xy
B. Głowacz
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POLHe-3@ CCBPOLHe-3@ CCB
p-beam
RbHe3
SEOP
laser light
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TARGET
p-BEAM
Test measurement -scheme:
tedlar bag (He-3/He-4) glass cell (He-3/He-4)
energydetectors Ti-window
shield
TRIGGERS: - OR-left OR OR-right - OR-left AND OR-right
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Test measurement: rates at different angles with KRATTA
DuPont™ Tedlar® polyvinyl fluoride (PVF)
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KRATTA Detector – Energy DetectorKRATTA Detector – Energy Detector
J. Łukasik et al. NIM A 709 (2013) 120–128SiPM
BGO
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Vertex Detector – possible choicesVertex Detector – possible choices
Silicon PS detectorSilicon PS detector PS photodiodesPS photodiodes
Teleskops:65/300/300/5500 um thick double-sided Si-strip detectors
Micro Mesh Gas Detectors- Micro Mesh Gas Detectors- micro pattern gaseous micro pattern gaseous detectors; a readout strip detectors; a readout strip pitch of 250 to 500 umpitch of 250 to 500 um
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Summary
Theoretical calculations exist for dd, p+3He, n+3He for elastic scattering and transfer channels, but still for small energies < 35 MeV
rapid progress in calculations for 4N systems. Experimental studies of p+3He are planned at CCB with the use
of the proton beam at energies of 70 - 230 MeV: elastic scattering and breakup reactions.
Near future: test measurements with polarized 3He and new
target cell.
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THANK YOUFOR
YOUR ATTENTION !
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Vertex Detector – possible choicesVertex Detector – possible choicesMicro Mesh Gas Detectors- Micro Mesh Gas Detectors- micro pattern gaseous micro pattern gaseous detectors; a readout strip detectors; a readout strip pitch of 250 to 500 umpitch of 250 to 500 um
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NMRNMR
The NMR system consists of a series resonance circuit tuned to the proton Larmor frequency:
The frequency is swept throughthe resonance signal leading toa absorption/emission of RFenergy by the spin system.
The signal area of the dynamicsignal is compared to the one of the TE signal:
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M. S
. Ab
delm
o ne m
a nd
H.S
. Sh
e ri f, PR
C 36 , 19 00 (1 98 7) .
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Counting Rates Estimation Counting Rates Estimation He3(p,2p)d @ 100 MeV: [mb/MeV*sr2 ] N/s = [mb/MeV*sr 2] * 20/s= 10 * 20/s = 200/s*sr2 * MeV @155 MeV (40 deg ) N/s=1.88*20/s =37 @85 MeV (42 deg ) N/s=1.32*20/s=24 He3(p,pd)p @ 100 MeV: [mb/MeV*sr2 ] p He3 elastic scattering @ 200 MeV deg
2 deg = 0.03488 raddeg = 0.174 rad
N/s=0.1066/s
√ N / N=6.5 h
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L=4.6 cm, p=2.5 bar, T=20 C
Rbeam=4 mm, J=10 pAL(He3)=2*1028 /cm2 /sL(02)=2.6*1029 /cm2 /sL(Si)=3*1029 /cm2 /s13+15=28
L=5 cm, p=0.9 bar, T=20 C
Rbeam=4 mm, J=10 pAL(He3)=1*1028 /cm /s
L=5 cm, p=100 mbar, T=20 C
Rbeam=4 mm, J=10 pAL(He3)=1*1027 /cm2 /s
2
1)
2)
3)
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Relaxation mechanismsRelaxation mechanisms
Field gradients:
Dipole-dipole interaction: