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IT 21103/41103-01IT 21103/41103-01
System Analysis & DesignSystem Analysis & Design
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Chapter 02Chapter 02
Project InitiationProject Initiation
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Analyst RoleAnalyst Role
Problem SolverProblem Solver
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First StepsFirst Steps
““What is the Problem?”What is the Problem?”
Define the Real ProblemDefine the Real Problem
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Information RelevancyInformation Relevancy
Usefulness of system outputsUsefulness of system outputs
Users need to be consultedUsers need to be consulted
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Information AccuracyInformation AccuracyConcerned with System ErrorsConcerned with System Errors
Develop an Error ThresholdDevelop an Error Threshold
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Information TimelinessInformation TimelinessProblems with information Problems with information
availabilityavailability
I/O BottlenecksI/O Bottlenecks
Time causes erosion of the system Time causes erosion of the system processing speedprocessing speed
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Information UsabilityInformation UsabilityInformation PackagingInformation Packaging
Tailor information to fit the user’s Tailor information to fit the user’s needsneeds
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Information AffordabilityInformation AffordabilityOpportunity CostsOpportunity Costs
Actual CostsActual Costs
Persistent Upgrades or High Persistent Upgrades or High MaintenanceMaintenance
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Information AdaptabilityInformation Adaptability
Flexibility in Hardware and Software Flexibility in Hardware and Software expandability and compatibilityexpandability and compatibility
Users will abandon unused portions Users will abandon unused portions of the systemof the system
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Information AccessibilityInformation AccessibilityUsers interaction with the systemUsers interaction with the system
Internet & IntranetsInternet & Intranets
Depends on the type of userDepends on the type of user
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SolutionsSolutions
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Figure 2-2Figure 2-2
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Small Enterprise ProblemsSmall Enterprise Problems
Source Data Input InefficienciesSource Data Input Inefficiencies
Breakdowns in Subsystem Breakdowns in Subsystem IntegrationIntegration
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Small Enterprise ProblemsSmall Enterprise ProblemsSource Data Input InefficienciesSource Data Input Inefficiencies
How the data is entered into the How the data is entered into the systemsystem
A major problemA major problem
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Small Enterprise ProblemsSmall Enterprise ProblemsBreakdowns in Subsystem Breakdowns in Subsystem
IntegrationIntegration
Many subsystems functioning Many subsystems functioning together logicallytogether logically
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Fact-FindingFact-Finding
The Analyst must do Research The Analyst must do Research about the information system they about the information system they
are to examineare to examine
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Fact-FindingFact-FindingIndustry ResearchIndustry Research
Journals, Magazines, Libraries, Journals, Magazines, Libraries, State/Federal Agencies, State/Federal Agencies,
Professional Organizations, etcProfessional Organizations, etc
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Fact-FindingFact-Finding
Online ResearchOnline Research
Search Engines (Google), etcSearch Engines (Google), etc
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Fact-FindingFact-FindingPersonal ContactsPersonal Contacts
Personal InterviewsPersonal Interviews
QuestionnairesQuestionnaires
On-Site ObservationsOn-Site Observations
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Fact-FindingFact-Finding
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Fact-FindingFact-Finding
Request for ServicesRequest for Services
Very Important to get in writing what Very Important to get in writing what the user wants!the user wants!
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Fact-FindingFact-Finding
Documentation ReviewDocumentation Review
Collect samples of source and Collect samples of source and output documents of the current output documents of the current
systemsystem
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Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility AnalysisA ballpark estimate of what the A ballpark estimate of what the
project will cost and how long it will project will cost and how long it will take to completetake to complete
An Estimate OnlyAn Estimate Only
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Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility AnalysisFour Components:Four Components:
OperationalOperational
TechnicalTechnical
ScheduleSchedule
EconomicEconomic
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Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility AnalysisOperational:Operational:
Is there a workable design for the Is there a workable design for the intended systemintended system
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Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility AnalysisTechnical:Technical:
Is there technology available to Is there technology available to make the system workmake the system work
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Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Schedule:Schedule:
Can the project be completed within Can the project be completed within the agreed timeframethe agreed timeframe
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Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Economic:Economic:
Can the project be completed within Can the project be completed within the budget constraintsthe budget constraints
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Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Build-Or-BuyBuild-Or-Buy
This is a strategy to determine if This is a strategy to determine if building a system or buying a pre-building a system or buying a pre-
built system is most feasiblebuilt system is most feasible
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Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Documentation:Documentation:
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Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Feasibility Report:Feasibility Report:
A project deliverableA project deliverable
A common point of reference for A common point of reference for negotiationsnegotiations
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Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Project Contract:Project Contract:
Clear agreement about the work to Clear agreement about the work to be done for the projectbe done for the project
(Modifications may occur)(Modifications may occur)
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Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Project Contract:Project Contract:
Problem SummaryProblem Summary
ScopeScope
ConstraintsConstraints
ObjectivesObjectives
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Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Problem Summary:Problem Summary:
Concise statement including the Concise statement including the user’s original request and the user’s original request and the
preliminary findings of the analystpreliminary findings of the analyst
(The Analyst and (The Analyst and
Users must agree)Users must agree)
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Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Scope:Scope:
Agreement on the boundaries of the Agreement on the boundaries of the work to be donework to be done
Agree on changes that may occur Agree on changes that may occur during the projectduring the project
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Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Project Constraints:Project Constraints:
CostsCosts
DeliveryDelivery
Access to the current system and Access to the current system and usersusers
Unusual circumstancesUnusual circumstances
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Feasibility AnalysisFeasibility Analysis
Project Objectives:Project Objectives:
Agreement on the consequences of Agreement on the consequences of the new systemthe new system
What is the measurement of What is the measurement of successsuccess
(Develop a Baseline measurement)(Develop a Baseline measurement)
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QuestionsQuestions
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Assignment # 02Assignment # 02
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Appendix BAppendix B