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From Research to Implementation: IRRI's Activities on GHG Mitigation in Rice Cultivation
Björn Ole SanderInternational Rice Research Institute
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Flooded field is left to dry out
When water level drops to a threshold (15cm below soil surface), the field is
irrigated again
Perforated tube for
observing water level in
the soil
AWD saves up to 30% of irrigation water
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Mitigation potential of AWD -results from farmers’ fields
0
2
4
6
8
10
CF AWD
t CO
2-eq
/ha*
seas
on
Bulacan 1
5.3
1.8
-66%
0
2
4
6
8
10
CF AWDt C
O2-
eq/h
a*se
ason Bulacan 2
7.8
1.8
-77%
0
2
46
8
10
CF AWD
t CO
2-eq
/ha*
seas
on Tarlac
-70%3.7
1.1
0
2
4
6
8
10
CF AWD
t CO
2-eq
/ha*
seas
on Nueva Ecija-65%
8.6
3.0
Sander et al., in preparation
Global average mitigation potential of AWD: 48% (IPCC, 2006)
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Mitigation potential of AWD -results from central Vietnam
02468
101214161820
CF AWD CF AWD CF AWD
GWP kg CO2 eq. ha-1
b) HM: Dai Quang
SA 2011 WS 2012 SA 2012
02468
101214161820
CF AWD CF AWD "CF"AWD
N2OCH4
GWP kg CO2 eq. ha-1
a) DL: Nam Phuoc
SA 2011 WS2012 SA2012
Tirol-Padre et al., 2017, doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-2624-9
Developed EFs for two rice growing environments in central Vietnam: 4.1 kg/ha/d (delta lowland)2.0 kg/ha/d (hilly midland)
Scaling FactorAWD = 0.71
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Emission Hotspots in Vietnam
• Using landscape-DNDC ( KIT)to identify emission hotspots
• Target mitigation actions
• Use as tool to improve national inventory ( training)
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Supporting scale-out of AWD -Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC)
Online information platform: GHGmitigation.irri.org
Goal :Support of national plans and development programs with evidence-based information and strategies to reduce CH4emission from rice
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Stakeholder influence mapping - NetMapParticipatory approach to identify key influencer in complex stakeholder networks Development of engagement strategies, information campaigns Input for Agent-based modeling
Question: Who influences the adoption of AWD?
Collaboration with Inst. for Policy and Strategy of MARD
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Climatic AWD suitability maps, MRD• Based on PhenoRice, precipitation, soil texture, salinity risk
(biophysical factors only, methodology: Nelson et al., 2015)
• Target AWD dissemination activities
• Current improvement: Including flood risk data
Jan-Apr. harvest May-Aug. harvest Sept.-Dec. harvest
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Next envisaged steps towards large scale adoption
• Identify most suitable 500k ha for AWD
• Identify high priority provinces, develop plans w/ provincial governments
• Engage more strongly w/ private sector, integrate low-emissions rice production in contract farming ( Sustainable Rice Platform)
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Other mitigation options in rice production (AWD+)
• Mid-season drainage• Fertilizer deep placement• Coated urea• Short-duration varieties• Low-emissions straw management• Site-specific nutrient management• Biochar• Laser land leveling• Solar bubble dryer• …
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Emissions from straw burningEm
issi
on ra
te (m
g CH
4kg
-130
sec-1
) Emission rate (m
g N2 O
kg-130sec -1)
Time (min)
a
aa
a
b
c
• Not much info on GHG from burning• Baseline data for full assessment• Measured in flow-through equipment • CH4 dependent on moisture content
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GHG emissions of straw mngmt options
• Field experiments comparing emissions from incorporation of straw vs. burning of straw
• Lower GHG emissions from burning BUT burning leads to toxic air pollution
a) Straw incorporation b) Straw burning
High GHGemissions
Toxic airpollution
Romasanta et al., 2017, AgEE
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Straw removal• Straw removal reduces GHG emissions compared to
incorporation
• Straw can be used/ sold as by-product
• Partial straw removal can be intermediate solution: 1) retain soil health 2) reduce GHG3) create profit
Straw removal BurningIncorp.
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Thank you very much!
More informationClimateChange.irri.orgGHGmitigation.irri.orgB.Sander@irri.org