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IOWA STATE UNIVERSITYDepartment of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
Cost Estimate for Different Wind Turbine Technologies
Bin CaiWind Energy Science, Engineering and Policy
Major Department: Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
Advisor: Dr. Sri Sritharan
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Outline
Background
A Breakdown of Components for Levelized Cost of Energy
Cost Estimate Uncertainties
Future Work
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ICC: Initial Capacity Cost
FCR: Fixed Charged Rate
AOE: Annual Operation Expense
AEP(net): Net Annual Energy Production
Background
• Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) is a convenient way of comparing
generation technologies on a common basis and is used throughout the
utility industry as a high level screening tool.
𝐿𝐶𝑂𝐸=( 𝐼𝐶𝐶∗𝐹𝐶𝑅 )+𝐴𝑂𝐸
(𝐴𝐸𝑃𝑛𝑒𝑡 /1000)
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Major Components to be included in the LCOE
A Breakdown of Wind Turbine Costs
• Rotor• Drivetrain, Nacelle• Control, Safety system• Tower components and
Foundation• Site preparation• Mobilization, Assembly and
Installation• Balance of Station (BOS)
o Electrical interface & connections
o Communication systemo Engineering & permits
• Annual Operating Expense
(AOE)o Replacement costo O&M costo Land lease cost
• Overhead and profit
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A Breakdown of Wind Turbine Costs
Data from: Installed capital costs for the land-based wind reference project, NREL, 2010
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Major component Sub-component Cost
Tower Foundation Hub height, swept area
Shop fabrication Concrete modules, Steel tubes Conceptual design
Connection elements
Connections between tower and turbine; Tower segments of different materials
Conceptual design
Tower erection and post-tensioning of concrete tower
Segments erection; Tendons installation; Allowance
Conceptual design
Access ladders and platforms Ladders, platforms Included in concrete
to steel connection
Interior and exterior surface paint as needed Surface paint Included in concrete
to steel connection
A Breakdown of Tower and Foundation Costs
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Tower cost
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60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 1602.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
11.009.861 9.877
7.262 7.3496.843 6.6746.448 6.469
1.5 MW Steel Tower LCOE vs. Hub height
70m rotor diameter
Polynomial (70m rotor diameter)
82.5m rotor diameter
108m rotor diameter
Hub height(m)
LCO
E(₵/
kWh)
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 1602.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00 7.357 7.323
5.746 5.7665.215 5.192
2.3 MW Steel Tower LCOE vs. Hub height
Hub height(m)
LCO
E(₵/
kWh)
60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 1602.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50 6.278 6.221
5.103 5.0914.695 4.652
3.0 MW Steel Tower LCOE vs. Hub height
Hub height(m)
LCO
E(₵/
kWh)
Steel Tower LCOE
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Specific Investment Cost ($/MWh/yr)
• Including foundation; Except site cost, roads, grid connections and maintenance cost.
40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 600.0
700.0
800.0
900.0
1,000.0
1,100.0
1,200.0
1,071.2
904.2 1,022.0
876.6 846.2
784.1
f(x) = − 8.3497569281189 x + 1739.18927551829R² = 1
f(x) = 0.0435744636105171 x² − 13.1452968774847 x + 1783.53866591971R² = 0.947271691783595
Steel Tower Specific Investment Cost vs. Hub height
3MWPolynomial (3MW)5MWPolynomial (5MW)
Hub height(m)
SIC(
$/M
Wh)
Steel Tower LCOE
Data from Vindforsk project report, July 2010
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Levelized Cost of Energy------ Electric Power Research Institute
Source: Electric Power Research Institute Program on Technology Innovation: Integrated Generation Technology Options 2012, Feb. 2013. Available online at http://www.epri.com/search/Pages/results.aspx?k=1026656&r=mpkeyword%3AAREBVGVjaG5vbG9neSBUcmVuZHMJbXBrZXl3b3JkAQJeIgIiJA%3D%3D,mptabresults%3AARABUmVzZWFyY2ggUmVzdWx0cwxtcHRhYnJlc3VsdHMBAl4iAiIk
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Levelized Cost of Energy------ Department of Energy
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Cost Estimation Uncertainty
• Physical process, performance of key components in new technology
• Preliminary designs and project execution
o The total project schedule: 2-3 years on the order of wind turbines
• Unanticipated changes in cost of available materials, labor, or capital
• Permitting, licensing, forthcoming environmental regulation and other
regulatory actions
• Others
o Labor disruptions
o Weather conditions
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Cost Estimation Uncertainty
Source: Electric Power Research Institute Program on Technology Innovation: Integrated Generation Technology Options 2012, Feb. 2013.
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Future Work
Land based Wind Turbine Tower cost with different technologies
• Tower material
• Transportation
• Assembly and installation
• Site development
• Decommissioning
Labor cost
Risk Analysis
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Thank You For You Time!
Questions?