Download - Introduction to Storage Infrastructure
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Introduction to StorageInfrastructure
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Outline
Typical San Setup Storage Networking Components
Block devices, Char devices
Disk based devices (HDD, JBOD, RAID) Tape Drives and Libraries
Storage Lab Visit
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Typical SAN SetupLINUX Servers with Qlogic
/ Emulex HBAsSunFire V240
with Qlogic HBAs
IBM FastT200
FC-SANBrocade SAN Switch (3200) Brocade SANSwitch (3800)
Windows server withQlogic / Emulex HBAs
Tape Library StorageTek /
Quantum
McData / CNT switch
LSI ProFibre JBOD
Serial ATA
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Storage Networking Components
Cables and connectors
Gigabit Link Model (GLM) Gigabit Interface Converters (GBIC) Media Interface Adapters (MIA) Adapters Extenders
Multiplexers Hubs Routers Bridges
Gateways Switches Directors
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Side Bar - Block and Character Devices
All I/O devices are classified as either
block orcharacter (raw) devices.
The block special device causes the I/O to
be buffered in large pieces.
The character (raw) device causes I/O to
occur one character (byte) at a time.
Some devices, such as disks and tapes,
can be both block and character devices,
and must have entries for each mode.
Terminals operate in character mode.
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Side Bar - Block and Character Devices
In Unix all physical devices are accessed
via device files; they are what programsuse to communicate with hardware. Files
hold information on location, type, and
access mode for a specific device. Device files are found in the/devdirectory.
The first entry in the permission field
indicates eitherb-->block, orc-->character.
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Side Bar - Block and Character Devices
So what about a device that could be
accessed in character or block mode?
How many device files would it have?
One.
Two.
There are no such devices.
http://www.uwsg.iu.edu/usail/concepts/questions/four/a.htmlhttp://www.uwsg.iu.edu/usail/concepts/questions/four/b.htmlhttp://www.uwsg.iu.edu/usail/concepts/questions/four/c.htmlhttp://www.uwsg.iu.edu/usail/concepts/questions/four/c.htmlhttp://www.uwsg.iu.edu/usail/concepts/questions/four/b.htmlhttp://www.uwsg.iu.edu/usail/concepts/questions/four/a.html -
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InterconnectsLINUX Servers with Qlogic
/ Emulex HBAsSunFire V240
with Qlogic HBAs
IBM FastT200
FC-SANBrocade SAN Switch (3200) Brocade SANSwitch (3800)
Windows server withQlogic / Emulex HBAs
Tape Library StorageTek /
Quantum
McData / CNT switch
LSI ProFibre JBOD
Serial ATA
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Storage Networking Components HBA A Host Bus Adapter is a card that connects data peripherals and
server host buses like PCI. A software device driver for each
model of HBA is required by the operating system. Types: FC and GigE
QLogic, Emulex, McData
Storage Networking ComponentsHBA
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Storage Networking ComponentsCables - FC
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Storage Networking Components - Cables
Similar to parallel SCSI and traditional
networking, there are different types of cables ofvarious lengths for use in a Fiber Channelconfiguration.
Two types of cables are supported: copper andoptical (fiber).
Copper cables are used for short distance (up to30m) and can be identified by their DB9 (9-pin)connector.
Fiber cables come in two distinct types: Multi-
Mode fiber (MMF) for short distances (up to2km) and Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) for longerdistances (up to 10km).
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Storage Networking Components Switches
Types: FC & Ethernet
Cisco, Brocade,
McData
Storage Networking ComponentsSwitches
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Storage Networking ComponentsSwitches
Used for interconnecting large numbers of
devices, increasing bandwidth, reducingcongestion, and providing aggregate throughput.
When a Fiber Channel switch is implemented ina SAN, the network is referred to as a fabric, or
switched fabric. Each device is connected to aport on the switch, enabling an on-demandconnection to every connected device.
Various FC switch offerings support both fabric
and/or loop connections. As the number ofdevices increases, multiple switches can becascaded for expanded access.
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Disk Based DevicesLINUX Servers with Qlogic
/ Emulex HBAsSunFire V240
with Qlogic HBAs
IBM FastT200
FC-SANBrocade SAN Switch (3200) Brocade SANSwitch (3800)
Windows server withQlogic / Emulex HBAs
Tape Library StorageTek /
Quantum
McData / CNT switch
LSI ProFibre JBOD
Serial ATA
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Disk Based Devices - HDD
Hard Drives
Interface: IDE, USB, SCSI, FC
Seagate, IBM, Maxtor,
Capacity: 20- 180 GB
Data Transfer Rate: over 100MB/s
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Disk Based Devices
Disk Based Devices
JBOD (Just a Bunch Of Disks)/Spanning
RAID (Redundant Array of
Inexpensive/Independent Disks)
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Disk Based Devices JBOD
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Disk Based Devices JBOD
JBOD can be thought of as the opposite ofpartitioning: while partitioning chops singledrives up into smaller logical volumes,
JBOD combines drives into larger logicalvolumes.
It provides no fault tolerance, nor does itprovide any improvements in performance
compared to the independent use of itsconstituent drives.
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Disk Based Devices JBOD
Advantages:
Avoiding Drive Waste: If you have a number ofodd-sized drives, JBOD will let you combine them
into a single unit without loss of any capacity
Easier Disaster Recovery: If a disk in a RAID 0
volume dies, the data on every disk in the array isessentially destroyed because all the files are
striped; if a drive in a JBOD set dies then it may be
easier to recover the files on the other drives (but
then again, it might not, depending on how theoperating system manages the disks.)
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Disk Based Devices RAID
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Disk Based DevicesSingle RAID Levels
Level 0: Provides data striping(spreading out
blocks of each file across multiple disks) but noredundancy. This improves performance but
does not deliver fault tolerance.
Level 1:
Provides disk mirroring.
Level 2: Bit-level striping with Hamming codeECC.
Level 3: Same as Level 0, but also reserves one
dedicated disk for error correction data. Itprovides good performance and some level of
fault tolerance.
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Disk Based DevicesSingle RAID Levels
Level 4: Block-level striping with dedicated
parity.
Level 5: Provides data striping at the bytelevel and also stripe error correction
information. This results in excellentperformance and good fault tolerance.
Level 6: Block-level striping with dual
distributed parity. Level 7: Asynchronous, cached striping
with dedicated parity.
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Disk Based DevicesNested RAID Levels
Nested RAID levels typically provide better
performance characteristics than either ofthe single RAID levels that comprise them.
The most commonly combined level is
RAID 0, which is often mixed withredundant RAID levels such as 1, 3 or 5 to
provide fault tolerance while exploiting the
performance advantages of RAID 0.
T D i
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Tape DevicesLINUX Servers with Qlogic
/ Emulex HBAsSunFire V240
with Qlogic HBAs
IBM FastT200
FC-SANBrocade SAN Switch (3200) Brocade SANSwitch (3800)
Windows server withQlogic / Emulex HBAs
Tape Library StorageTek /
IBM/Adic
McData / CNT switch
LSI ProFibre JBOD
Serial ATA
Tape Drive StorageTek /
HP/IBM
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Basic Storage Devices
Tape Drives
Interfaces: SCSI, FC,
FICON, ESCON
StorageTek, IBM, HP, Native Media Capacity: 20 -
200 GB
Native Data Transfer Rate:
10 35 MB/s Archival Life: 15 30 years
Tape Drives
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Composite Storage Devices Tape Library
Combination of Tape Drives, slots
and Media.
Includes robotic infrastructure for
movement of media between slots
and drives.
Capacity: Up to 90PB Number of cartridge slots: Up to
30 - 30,000
Number of drives: 2 - 2,048
StorageTek, IBM, Adic
Tape Library
Th k
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Thanks
Visit To the StorageInfrastructure Lab