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NAME: TULASINATAN S/O MUTHUALAGU (TP026049)
INTAKE CODE: UCD2F1209 DIT (SE)
SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (AAPP003-3-2)
PROJECT TITLE: ONLINE BUS RESERVATION SYSTEM
DUE DATE: 23 TH SEPT 2013
LECTURER:
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Contents
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 3
OBJECTIVES ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
SCOPE .............................................................................................................................................................. 3
SCHEDULE PLANNING .......................................................................................................................................... 4
GANTT CHART .................................................................................................................................................. 4
PROBLEM DEFINITION ......................................................................................................................................... 5
REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................... 7
LOGICAL DESIGN .................................................................................................................................................. 8
CONTEXT DIAGRAM ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Level-0 DFD ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
ERD DESIGN ................................................................................................................................................... 10
TABLE DESIGN ................................................................................................................................................ 11
PHYSICAL DESIGN .............................................................................................................................................. 12
TESTING ............................................................................................................................................................. 19
SYSTEM TESTING ........................................................................................................................................... 19
INTEGRATION TESTING .................................................................................................................................. 19
UNIT TESTING ................................................................................................................................................ 19
TEST PLAN .......................................................................................................................................................... 20SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................................................................... 22
CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................................................... 26
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................... 27
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INTRODUCTION
MRT Online Bus Reservation System is Windows based application that works within centralized
network. The software program MRT Online Bus Reservation System provides bus transportation
system, a facility to reserved seats, cancellation of seats and different types of enquiry which need an
instant and quick reservation. MRT Online Bus Reservation System is built for manage and
computerize the traditional database, ticket booking and tracking bus and travel made easy. It
maintains all datas of user, bus details, reservation details, booking details, customer details.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this project is to upgrade the system which can help them to solve the issues that
they facing in recent system. To produce the system successful, its necessary to achieve the
following objective in the assignment.
Ensure that the new system is going to meet the requirement of the customers helping theinvolvement of customers during the development of the system.
Provide a best solution and proper design for the system with a minimum of cost andtimes.
Upgrade the system and implementations of system which can help to handle thebusiness operation of delivery and meet the customersrequirements.
SCOPE
Save the fuss of having to go to coach counters to purchase your tickets. Enjoy the convenience of our one-stop portal for your traveling needs. Save your time of joining a long queue to buy ticket. Purchasing process is fast and easy. Choose your seat online.
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SCHEDULE PLANNING
A Project Plan sets out the phases, activities and tasks needed to deliver a project. The timeframes
required delivering the project, along with the resources and milestones are also shown in the Project
Plan. Using thisproject plan Template, you can quickly and easily create a comprehensive Project
Management Plan for your project, as it already lists the commonly used tasks needed to complete
projects from start to finish.
GANTT CHART
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PROBLEM DEFINITION
MRT Bus Agency is a domestic privatized transportation company that runs the vehicles all over the
country. They have several branches at different locations of the country, so that they can provide
the transportation facilities between the places. They want an desktop application to be developed,
where the details of the bookings done and the customer will be updated from time to time and user
can track the details of the available seats immediately. We also learned that there are some
insufficient main problem that can affect agency revenues and the demand to resolve immediately.
Defining the problem is one of the important activities of the project. The aim is to precisely define
the problem to be resolved, and therefore determine the scope of the new system. So help us define
the goal to be achieved and the system boundaries. A clear understanding of the problems will help
us build a better system and reduce the chance of project failure. It additionally specifies the
resources that have to be made available to the project.
These problems are listed as below:
1. Heavy Paper WorkloadsMRT Bus Agency booking serviceis currently operation on a manual system. There are a lot
of papers work needs to be encompassed so it is incredible and time consuming. As the data
entry process is completed in manually, it makes a lot of wastages seized locale and cause many
errors such as data redundancy. As well that, price of creation and operation also is high because
of high usage of paper.
2. Poor Customers Tracking SystemSince all data are recorded in paper, it reasons a workers to use a lot of period to find the clients
details. After a new customer calls there will be an supplementary procedure to record down the
whole new customers info for upcoming use. If the customers data is lost, the staffs demand to
record once more the present customers data and this consumes lot of period also.
Supplementary than this, after the customer wants to change her/his order, there is always a long
procedure to go that starts from the beginning.
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3. Difficulty in CommunicationWhen the customer calls for booking, there might be some problem that may affect the
communication between the staff and the customer which eventually leads to contact barrier. For
example, there might be some miscommunication between the customer and the workers which
are caused by the surroundings noises while a staff receiving the call. This can cause the wrong
booking to be seized place.
4. Coach company and SeatsThis problem occurs when customers booking the ticket from phone call. Customers wont be
able to choose their seats they would want to book and also their coach company.
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REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS
Requirement analysis is the survey and planning of the system and project, the study and analysis of
the existing business and information system, and the definition of business requirements and
priorities for a new or improved system. There are few types of requirements like user requirements,
client requirements, business requirements, arrangement requirements, interface requirements, and
technical requirements (functional and non functional).
A Functional Requirement is a requirement that, when satisfied, will allow the user to perform some
kind of function. A Non-Functional Requirement is usually some form of constraint or restriction
that must be considered when designing the solution.
Functional Non-Functional
Customer will be able to print the list ofavailable bus
Time taken to loading the website willbe lesser.
Customer will be able to view thepromotions and discounts.
Quality attributes of the system
Customers will be able to check the busdetails, prices.
Function performed based on businessneeds
Calculations of the charges and thereimbursements are to be implemented
by the application alone.
All the transactions made are securedusing SSL protocol as the minimum
requirement.
Customer can be sent their feedback toagency via system
The system can process 15,000 ticketsbooking per hour.
Customer can print out their ticketsfrom the system.
Customer can operate major functionswithout training or assistance.
Customer has to download and installthe system once in their device after the
registration.
System will automatically update whencustomer open the system application.
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LOGICAL DESIGN
CONTEXT DIAGRAM
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Level-0 DFD
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ERD DESIGN
Customer
PK Username
PasswordFirstName
LastName
EmailAddress
Staff
PK StaffID
Password
FirstName
LastName
EmailAddress
Reservation
PK Ways
Time
Destination
Depart
Return
Coach company
Bus
Pax
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TABLE DESIGN
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This is where the customer will search for the available bus for their journey.
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This page will provide the available bus list, so the customer can choose by his/her own depends on
the suitable time for them.
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After customer choose the bus, he/she can reserve the seat by their own
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This is the booking summary page which that makes sure all the information is whether correct or
not. If no, they can cancel the booking.
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This is the payment page, where customer can make their payment.
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This is the reservation report page. Furthermore, customer has to print their tickets at here.
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TESTING
Software testing is the process of evaluation a software item to detect differences between given
input and expected output. Also to assess the feature of A software item. Testing assesses the quality
of the product. Software testing is a process that should be done during the development process. In
other words software testing is a verification and validation process.
SYSTEM TESTING
System testing is actually a series of different tests whose sole purpose is to exercise the full
computer based system. System testing falls under the black box testing category of software testing.
White box testing is the testing of the internal workings or code of a software application. In
contrast, black box or system testing is the opposite. System testing involves the external workings
of the software from the user's perspective.
INTEGRATION TESTING
Testing in which modules are combined and tested as a group. Modules are typically code modules,
individual applications, client and server applications on a network, etc. Integration Testing follows
unit testing and precedes system testing.
UNIT TESTING
Functional and reliability testing in an engineering environment. Producing tests for the behavior of
components of a product to ensure their correct behavior prior to system integration.
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TEST PLAN
Welcome page
Test Case Expected Result Actual Result
Click on Enter Goes to the schedule form As Expected
Feedback
Test Case Expected Result Actual Result
Click on Home Go back to the welcome page As Expected
Click on Exit Exit the program As Expected
Schedule
Test Case Expected Result Actual Result
Enter the journey details,
departure and return time,
date, cabin selection, busselection, currency and
number of passenger. Click
Search
Data successfully recorded.
Goes to the next form seats.
As Expected
Schedule Result
Test Case Expected Result Actual Result
Select a bus from the scheduleresult. Click next
Goes to the next form seats. As Expected
Seats
Test Case Expected Result Actual Result
Select a seat. Click Next Data successfully recorded.
Goes to the next form details.
As Expected
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Booking Summary
Test Case Expected Result Actual Result
All details will appear in orderto wait confirmation.
Data confirmation. Goes to thenext form payment.
As Expected
Click on cancel Goes back to schedule form As Expected
Payment
Test Case Expected Result Actual Result
Fill in payment card details.Click proceed
Data verification. Goes to thenext form Report.
As Expected
Click on cancel Goes back to bookingsummary form
As Expected
Report
Test Case Expected Result Actual Result
All data is ready to be printed Data successfully entered intothe database
As Expected
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SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation phase is described as those activities that begin when the system design has
been completed. These phases are producing software code according to plan, analysis and system
design that have been done. Coding and debugging is the act of creating the final system. The
requirements documentation should be referred to throughout the rest of the system development
process to ensure the developing project aligns with the needs and requirements or scope. The
system also is tested to evaluate its actual functionality in relation to expected or intended
functionality. In order to have a computerized system, MRT Agency would have to buy some
hardware and software equipments to support the new system. Below are the necessary hardware
requirements:
Necessary Hardware:
I. Acer Desktop ComputerII. IBM System x3100 M4
III. Microsoft wireless desktop 2000 Keyboard & MouseIV. TP-Link DSL-520B Modem RoutersV. Epson DFX-9000 A3 Mono Dot matrix
VI. TM Unifi
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PERFORMANCE
The letter P from the first letter of P.I.E.C.E.S stands for Performance. It provides the ability of
system can be done and provides the effectiveness for business. Performance is a very important key
factor in business as it provides enough sufficient throughput and response time. After conducting
an investigation, we had received some feedback from the customers complaining about some of the
services which make them disappointed. The service is poor in terms of receiving and taking down
orders. As the MRT Bus Agency is using the manual method to record down the customer details
and booking details, at times it is hard to find back the selected information. There are a lot of papers
work needs to be encompassed so it is incredible and time consuming, it makes a lot of wastages
seized locale and cause many errors such as data redundancy. With a computerized system that we
are proposing, it would be much efficient to the company and customers would be contented with
the services provided by MRT Bus Agency. Besides that, MRT Bus Agency doesnt have an online
bus reservation system website. If customers would want to book their seats, it would be impossible
as MRT Bus Agency doesnt have a computerized system. With our proposed system, customers
will be able to view the select bus and seats by their own.
INFORMATION
The letter I from the second letter of P.I.E.C.E.S stands for Information. Information hereby
means that the system generated is useful and accurate. In other words, it means that the system can
run the information accurately and in an efficient way. MRT Bus Agency admin say that human
errors are taking place while storing data in the manual way. Besides that, the data recovery and
back up for every transaction that happens, it is hassling them in a way that when a customer calls
back to request on changing their booking made, the staff have to put the customer on hold and run
through a quantity of files to find their specific booking and make changes to it. This is time
consuming. With implementing the new proposed system, the data will be stored systematically in
the system database, which means the requested information can easily be retrieved into a relevant
format. Apart from it, the data stored in the system would be secured, accurate, and easy to access
compared to the current manual system. The system would be able to automatically generate sales
report so that it would be easy for the manager to check back on the transactions that happen.
Adding to it, customer would be able to cancel and make new booking if they want to.
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ECONOMIC
The letter E from the third letter of P.I.E.C.E.S stands for Economic. MRT Bus Agency economic
shows the analysis whether the cost of current system is cost effectiveness and it is an affordable
cost for the company. In the current system, there are some weaknesses about the inconsistency with
the cost as the current (manual) system cannot make use of the resource to the maximum. If the new
proposed system is implemented, these costs can be effectively reduced. Since the computerized
booking system is able to replace most of the manual work, it will cut down a great number of man
power needed, time, the stationary, and salaries of reduced workers. Because of the accuracy and
consistency of the data provided by the system, it helps to avoid from unpredicted errors that can
cause high cost of the recovery for the errors.
CONTROL
The letter C from the third letter of P.I.E.C.E.S stands for Control. It has the meaning of how a
system can manage the information, secures the information that has been store in their database and
how a system provides fraud cases from. A good computerized system should able to help the
owners to prevent from hacking, viruses attack and fraud cases by providing a better security system.
Currently in the system, the level of security and control is low since the storage of data is facing the
issue of loss and the stored data will be inconsistent in separate files which cause by redundantly
stored. With the new computerized system, the security will be much better as important data and
information can be easily stored inside different types of electronic devices. In order to solve these
issues, certain measure of control must be taken within the system. With the help of powerful
security features such as user name and password databases are made inaccessible by unauthorized
persons and viruses. Some patrolling programs are embedded inside the system for checking the
inconsistency or irregularity of the system and its data.
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EFFICIENCY
The letter E from the third letter of P.I.E.C.E.S stands for Efficiency. It explains that MRT Bus
Agency needed an automated system to run her business smoothly. The ability of the system to make
use of full current resources so that the business can run smoothly. Besides that, records must easily
to open to save time so that MRT Bus Agency wont clash with other customerbooking. Along with
that, the system has to accessible for the staff so that they able to perform their task without any
problems.
SERVICES
The MRT Bus Agency current manual system does not provide reliable service. But there are no
worries. The new system that we have designed and provided, solve all problems. The new mode of
operation, provide reliable service. The new system, provide online services for the customers. By
creating a data base for particulars of customers to be recorded. Each of the customers could have an
account in new MRT Online Bus Reservation system. For a booking, system could show the
customers whether the bus is available for their journey time or not to them. Besides that, we can put
an option for customers, to choose seats by their own. And all details of the customer will be saved
in new system. Also, there will be report generated for their payment and also customer can print out
their tickets from the system. The membership for the online services is free.The new system
actually provides better and easier access for both side customer and business. At beginning for build
the system there might be some costs but in the future, this system would help to run business in the
most benefited way.
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CONCLUSION
MRT Online Bus Reservation System is company online system, which enable customer to check
availability bus ticket, buy bus ticket, and pay bus ticket online. It makes the customer easy to get
bus ticket online instead of queue up to buy the bus ticket. The online system is new in Malaysia.
Other's company can use this idea to develop another system to easy their customer to buy bus
ticket. Since Malaysia is a developing country, concept electronic ticket or e-ticket should be widely
applied in all the sector industries.
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