Download - Introduction to Sociology 2010
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What is Sociology?
SOCIOLOGY
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SociologyOrigins
These people love behavioral sciences.y Sociology is the study
of peoples behaviorin groups.
y Word Origins = Latin,
socio = people
together and logos =
the study of
y Newer social science
began in the 1800s
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Groups
y Why do people live ingroups?
y What are somebenefits to living in
groups?
y No individual in oursociety can supply allthe things he or she
needs or wants.y Throughout history,
people have relied ongroups for survival.
No one wants to live alone.
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Types ofG
roupsy Primary Groups:y Groups of people that
have very closerelationships over along period of time.
y Emotionally involvedwith one another.
y Loyalty, love,belongingness.
y Give confidence and
strength to deal with theoutside world.
y Can you think of someexamples of primary groups?
y Examples: Families, CloseFriends, Religious Groups
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Types ofG
roupsy Secondary Groupsy Groups that are large,
and less loving thanprimary groups.
y Groups of people who
need to complete a jobare generally secondarygroups.
y Can you think of some examplesof secondary groups?
y Coworkers, Sports Teams, ClientRelationships, Classmates
y Note: Some groups can start assecondary and become primary.
y Example You meet your bestfriend at school.
This football player mightnot care what team hes
on, just as long as he
can be a part of a
secondary group.
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Socializationy Socialization teaches us roles.
y What is a role?
y Role = a kind of behavior a person is
supposed to have in a particular group orsociety.
y Example: What do you expect from someone
who is performing the role of a doctor?
y How do you feel if a person doesnt play their
role?
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Socialization
y You play many roles in life, and change roles as
you change groups.
y Why do people perform roles?
y Role performance is encouraged by sanctions.y Sanctions = reward or punishment that is used by
a society to encourage its members to obey
social rules.
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Sanctionsy Positive Sanctions = rewards for obeying social
rules.
y What are some examples of positive sanctions?y Moneyy Gifts
y Honor Rolly Raisey Promotion
y Good Gradesy Knowledgey Allowancey Trophy
y Scholarshipy Prestige
y PowerIs that a fur coat?
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Sanctionsy Negative Sanctions = punishment for violation of a social rule.
y What are some examples of negative sanctions?y Finey Grounded
y Bad Gradey
Fired from joby Deduction in payy Prison Sentence
y Detentiony Suspension
y Repeat a grade/Retention
y Expulsion from schooly Criminal Recordy Scorn
y Time Out Old School Punishment
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Other Role Issues
y Role Conflict = you are expected to act in a
certain way by one person or group and in a
totally different way in another.
y
Example: Way you act with friends, vs. way youact around teachers, vs. way you act with your
grandparents.
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Other Role Issues
y Role Confusion =
situation where an
individual has trouble
determining which
role he or she should
play.
y Example = Your mom
is also your math
teacher.
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Other Role Issues
y Role Overload = the experience of lacking the
resources, including time and energy, needed to
meet the demands of all roles.
y
Example = You must study for 3 tests, attendtrack practice, write 4 papers, play at your soccer
game, and babysit your brother tonight; you also
have the flu.
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Other Role Issues
y Role Overlap = roles
that require similar
sets of behaviors.
y Example: brother and
cousin, teammate and
friend, child and
grandchild.
y These teammates are also
friends.
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Roles
y What are some roles that you play? Use the role
diagram on your paper to show the roles you play.
y Now look at the roles. Which roles overlap? Do
any roles conflict? Have you experienced roleoverload or role confusion?
Mmmm. Rolls.
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Social Rules of Society
y Social rules are called norms.
y There are three types ofnorms:
y Folkways
y
Moresy Laws
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Social Rules of Societyy Folkways = norms of
politeness or customs.
y Examples = eatingproperly or addressing aperson by the right title.
y Other examples mightinclude saying please orthank you, or walking inthe hallways at school.y If you consistently break
these rules, you willhave fewer friends, andyour family, school,team, etc. might punishyou. You are not consideredYou are not considered
evil if you break aevil if you break a
folkway.folkway.
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Social Rules of Society
y Mores = much more serious social rules than
folkways.
y If you break a more, you are punished severely or
taken out of society.y Examples: Stealing or Killing
y You are considered bad or immoral for breaking
these rules.
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Social Rules of Society
y Laws are norms enforced by the government of a
society.
y Laws are formal rules used to protect people from
each other and outsiders.y Laws may or may not be mores.
y Examples: Range from getting a parking ticket to
murder.
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Ben Franklin Global Industries
Make sure to check out the websites below to
learn more about global norms before
tomorrows competition.