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Introduction to practical histology
S.H.
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Histology is:
• study of tissues (cells + extracellular matrix) in the body & how are arranged to constitute organs.
• This method by preparing histological:-
• Thin & transluscent sections examined by
• transillumination in the light microscope. (light passing through the tissue.)
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Tissue preparation for microscopic examination:-(paraffin
method)
• 1-Fixation: ( e.g.10% formal saline)=.prevent autolysis
•
• 2-Dehydration & Clearing:- = transperancy
• ( ethanol) (xyline)
• 3-Embeding: -hard+solid tissue = (paraffin media)
• 4-Sectioning : 3-5 micron by (microtome)
• 5-Mounting + Staining:
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Tissue processor
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Embeding (block)
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microtome
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Staining techniques
• Tissue treated through :
• dewaxaion(Xylene) ---hydration(ethanol)--
water-—(H:E ) ---dehydration----Xylene—
D.P.X(mounting media)---labeling
• Dye either:
• 1-Common staining hematoxylin & eosin.
• Or:
• 2-Special staining method-----
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Histology is study of:3 -dimentional
mental pictures of cells
Magnification:
( image )
4,10,20,40,100,
Objective lens
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Blood smear :GIEMSA STAIN
BASOPHILIC NUCLEOUS
Lymphocyte
NEUTROPHIL
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nucleous
neuron:- BASOPHILIC soma=Nissl
bodies,nucleolus
• Axon
nucleous
dendrite
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Hyaline Cartilage(e.g :Trachea)
Pseudostratifiedcolumnar
Ciliated epithelium
ح
؛
ح
perichondrium
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Territorial + interterritorial zone
Nest =isogenous gp.
BASOPHILIC MATRIX=GAG
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Cytoplasm:- Basophilic =Chief cell
Acidophilic = parietal cell
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muscle
Acidophil- tissue
( skeletal)- Esophagus
Inner circular
Outer longtudinal
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Bone: Acidophil tissue
PERIOSTEAL BONE
COLLAR
:
Bonemarrow
cavity
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fibers:- Collagen(H&E)stain =skin dermis
Osteocyte in lacuna
matrix
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MASSON’S
TICHROME
STAIN
(B.V.)
Collagen is green
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Elastic fibers- elastic stain:
orcein(aorta)
tunica media
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Black Elastic sheets
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reticular fibers- (dark brown-Silver impregnation
Liver stroma
. CV
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Reticular fibers (AgNO3=argyrophilic)
CV
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Liver tissue of different stains:
CV
H&E-
parenchyma
PAS
silver
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Liver parenchyma-cells (H&E) stain
Portal
vein
He.
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Liver: P.A.S reaction
glycogen=(inclusion)
hepatocytes
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Liver: P.A.S reaction glycogen=(inclusion
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Kidney-P.A.S rxn: basement
membrane+brush border
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Villus of small intestine-striated
border&goblet cells
L.P.
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Mesentry spread (H&E stain
Basic
dye
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Mast cell (aniline blue stain) =metachrasia
(Mesentry spread)
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Mast cell
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Lipid (inclusion) in adipocyte- H&E stain
Sudan
black
stain 4
lipid
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osmium: stain lipid (black myelin)T.s.in
nerve fiber
axon
Endo-neurium
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Melanosomes
Melanin pigment(inclusion) H&E stain
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melanocyte