Download - Introduction to Mycotoxins
Introduction to Mycotoxins
Dr.Kedar Karki
What are Mycotoxins??Mycotoxin is a toxin produced by a fungus under special conditions of moisture and temperature.
What are Mycotoxins?? 5,000 years ago in China. Early 1861, was reported in Russia 1891, there was a report of mouldy
rice in Japan 1960, is the time of the discovery of
aflatoxin.
Common Members of the Mycotoxin Family
Aflatoxins Trichothecenes Zearalenone Fumonisin Ochratoxins Slaframine
Food containing MycotoxinsMycotoxi
nOrganism Foods
Aflatoxin A. flavus, A. paraciticus Corn,peanuts,cottonseed,etc.
Citrisin Penicillium citrinum Wheat,barley,peanutsOchratoxin A
A. ochraceus, R. veridicatum, R. cyolopium
Corn,barley,wheat, peanuts
Patulin A. clavatus, R. patuluns Silage, applesPenicillic acid
A. clavatus, R. puberulum Corn, beans
Alternariol Alternaria tenuis, A. dauci Weathered grain, sorghum, pecan pickouts
Zearalenone Fusarium roseum, E. moniliforme, F. nivale, E. oxysporum
Corn, sorghum, wheat
Fumonisin Fusarium Corn
What is Aflatoxin??Aflatoxin is the name for a group of toxins (poisonous chemical compounds) that are produced by two fungi called Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus.
AflatoxinsFour primary aflatoxins, named B1, B2, G1 and G2 plus two additional metabolic products, M1 and M2. The case with aflatoxin toxicity and carcinogenicity has been established for aflatoxin - induced mutagenic activity and DNA damage.
Foods Corn Barley Cottonseed Peanuts Sorghum Wheat Silage
Tree nuts Milk Apples Oats Beans Weathered grain Potatoes
Symptom Edema of legs and
feet Abdominal pain Vomit Acute hepatitis Convulsion
Cirrhosis Carcinoma of liver Fever Jaundice Acute necrosis Malaise
AflatoxicosisAflatoxicosis is primarily a hepatic disease.
Aflatoxin B1 and Tumor Induction
Aflatoxin B1 and Tumor Induction